Infectious Diseases of Ruminant & Swine

Question 1

Etiology of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRD)

Answer 1

IBR: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis: Bovine Herpes Virus 1
BVDV: Bovine viral diarrhea virus
PI3: Parainfluenza-3 virus
BRSV: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Question 2

BRD develops as a result of

Answer 2

Complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens

Question 3

Secondary infections of BRD

Answer 3

Pasteurella multocida
Mannheimia haemolytica
Histophilus omni
Mycoplasma Boris

Question 4

BRD often leads to

Answer 4

Bacterial pneumonia, shipping fever pneumonia, enzootic pneumonia in calves

Question 5

Diagnosis of BRD

Answer 5

Clinical signs, hx, serology, virus isolation

Question 6

Treatment of BRD focuses on

Answer 6

Antimicrobial therapy to control secondary bacterial pneumonia

Question 7

Vaccine of BRD

Answer 7

IBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV

Question 8

PI animals are produced when

Answer 8

a fetus is infected while partially immunocompetent thus recognizing viral cells as self and not mounting an immune response

Question 9

The goal of vaccination for BVDV is

Answer 9

is to minimize respiratory disease secondary to BVD exposure and to prevent the occurrence of PI animals

Question 10

Clostridia are

Answer 10

relatively large, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped, gram positive bacterial organisms

Question 11

Etiology of Clostridial disease:Tetanus

Answer 11

Clostridium tetani

Question 12

Clinical signs of Tetanus

Answer 12

localized stiffness, often involving the masseter muscles and muscles of the neck, hindlimbs, and region of the infected wound

Question 13

Diagnosis of Tetanus

Answer 13

Hx,clinical signs, presence of toxin in serum

Question 14

Clostridial disease: Malignant edema is

Answer 14

an acute generally fatal toxemia affecting all species and ages of animals

Question 15

Etiology of Malignant edema

Answer 15

Clostridium septicum

Question 16

Clinical signs of Malignant edema

Answer 16

-local lesions are soft swellings that pit on pressure; the muscles turns dark brown to black
-Accumulation of gas in SQ tissue and along muscles fascias may be present
-Extensive local sloughing of skin and tissues is often seen in progressed states of malignant edema

Question 17

Etiology of Clostridial Disease:Blackleg

Answer 17

Clostridium chauvoei

Question 18

Blackleg disease

Answer 18

acute febrile highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep

Question 19

blackleg is characterized by

Answer 19

emphysematous swelling, commonly affecting heavy muscles (clostridial myositis)

Question 20

C. chauvoei is found naturally in

Answer 20

the intestinal tract of animals

Question 21

Clinical signs of Blackleg

Answer 21

onset is sudden, and a few cattle may be found dead without premonitory signs. acute severe lameness and marked depression are common

Question 22

Vaccine for blackleg

Answer 22

7-way or Blackleg vaccine

Question 23

Leptospiral servers of major importance in cattle are

Answer 23

Hardjo and pomona

Question 24

Clinical signs of Leptospirosis

Answer 24

Reproductive loss through abortion and stillbirth of premature and weak infected calves

Question 25

Vaccination for leptospirosis

Answer 25

Two doses in calf-hood then every 3-12 months in adult-hood

Question 26

Vibriosis

Answer 26

a venereal disease of cattle caused by a bacterial infection with Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis

Question 27

Vibriosis is spread at

Answer 27

joining either from an infected bull to an uninfected cow or vice versa

Question 28

Initial indication of Vibriosis

Answer 28

cows returning to service and low pregnancy rates

Question 29

Transmission of Diarrhea in calves

Answer 29

With all enter-pathogens, healthy adult cattle may be carriers and periodically excrete the organism in feces. Excretion may increase around parturition

Question 30

Etiology of Mastitis

Answer 30

Bacterial: staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, corynebacterium ovis, mycoplasma spp, escherichia

Question 31

Prevention of mastitis

Answer 31

Husbandry

Question 32

etiology of brucellosis

Answer 32

brucella abortus

Question 33

Clinical signs of Brucellosis

Answer 33

abortion, stillborn, or weak calves, retained placentas, reduced milk yield

Question 34

Tests for Brucellosis

Answer 34

Brucella milk ring test (MRT), Rose Bengal Plate test

Question 35

All states are considered free of

Answer 35

Brucellosis

Question 36

Identification of Brucellosis Vaccinate

Answer 36

Tattoo in right ear

Question 37

Etiology of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye)

Answer 37

Moraxella bovis

Question 38

Enterotoxemia caused by

Answer 38

Clostridium perfringens types B and C

Question 39

Infection with C perfringens types B and C causes

Answer 39

Sever enteritis, dysentery, toxemia, high mortality

Question 40

Typer D enterotoxemia aka

Answer 40

Pulp kidney disease, overeating disease

Question 41

Etiology of Type D Enterotoxemia

Answer 41

C perfringens type D

Question 42

Contagious Ecthyma (orf)

Answer 42

infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats that affects primarily the lips of young animals but can occasionally affect people through direct contact.

Question 43

Clinical Signs of Ecthyma

Answer 43

lesions develop at mucocutaneous junction of lips and around erupting incisor teeth, may extend to mucosa of buccal cavity

Question 44

All ruminants are susceptible to __ disease

Answer 44

Johne's

Question 45

Etiology of John's Disease

Answer 45

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Question 46

How does Johne's disease progress

Answer 46

Slowly

Question 47

clinical signs of Johne's disease

Answer 47

weight loss, chronic progressive diarrhea, dependent edema, emaciation, death

Question 48

Erysipelas is a

Answer 48

Significant bacterial and zoonotic pathogen of swine, turkeys, and sheep.

Question 49

Etiology of erysipelas

Answer 49

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 50

Acute outbreaks of swine erysipelas are characterized by

Answer 50

acute outbreaks of sudden and unexpected deaths, febrile episodes, painful joints, skin lesion, cyanosis, diamond skin

Question 51

Swine Dysentery

Answer 51

a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease of pigs that affects the large intestine

Question 52

Etiology of Swine Dysentery

Answer 52

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Question 53

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs (TGE)

Answer 53

a common viral disease of the small intestine that causes vomiting and profuse diarrhea in pigs of all age

Question 54

Etiology of TGE

Answer 54

Coronavirus