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Pathology & Diseases > Heme and Immune System Diseases > Flashcards

Heme and Immune System Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is the only

A

liquid connective tissue

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2
Q

Functions of blood

A

Temp. regulation,pH balance, nutritional hormone transport, waste disposal, immune response

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3
Q

RBC are removed from circulation via

A

the spleen

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4
Q

What is anemia

A

an absolute decrease in the red cell mass as measured by RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV

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5
Q

3 major rule-outs for anemia

A

-loss, lysis, lack of production

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6
Q

Anemias are

A

Regenerative or Non-regenerative

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7
Q

In regenerative anemia, the bone marrow responds to the

A

decreased red cell mass by increasing RBC production and releasing reticulocytes

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8
Q

In non regenerative anemia, the bone marrow responds

A

Inadequately to the increased need for RBC

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9
Q

A reticulocyte is

A

an immune stage of a red blood cell

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10
Q

Diagnosis of anemia

A

CBC, Blood smear, HX

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11
Q

Clinical signs associated with anemia

A

pale MM, +/- jaundice, weakness, tachycardia, depression, dehydration, hypovolemia, shock

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12
Q

Hemorrhage

A

typically results after trauma, may be associated with severe thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

Treating a hemorrhage

A

ID the cause and treat accordingly, treat shock and volume replacement, transfusions

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14
Q

Iron deficiency anemia occurs after

A

chronic blood loss, sever flea infestation, internal parasite infestation

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15
Q

Etiology of Hemolysis in dogs and cats

A

Idiopathic IMHA, infectious, neoplastic

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16
Q

Etiology of hemolysis in horses

A

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

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17
Q

Blood-borne parasites may cause

A

hemolytic anemia

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18
Q

Mycoplasma hemofelis

A

Bacteria that is the common cause of hemolytic anemia in cats

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19
Q

Transmission of Mycoplasma hemofelis

A

Fleas; direct transmission associated with fighting suspected in cats

20
Q

Cytauxzoon felis

A

protozoal organism transmitted to domestic cats by tick bites. causes fatal anemia in cats (within days)

21
Q

Babes canis, Babesia gibsoni

A

Tick-borne disease in dogs (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)

22
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Denaturation of hemoglobin that occurs secondary to oxidative damage

23
Q

Toxin-induced anemia aka

A

Heinz body anemia

24
Q

Breed disposition of IMHA

A

poodles, old English sheep dogs, Irish settlers, cocker spaniels

25
Q

Diagnosis of IMHA

A

Agglutination test (in house), Coombs test (dx lab)

26
Q

Treatment of IMHA

A

Immunosuppressants, Anti-ulcer therapy, Tx for DIC if necessary

27
Q

Client education for IMHA

A

Guarded prognosis, 30-40% mortality rate, relapses common

28
Q

Origin of Platelets

A

Bone marrow

29
Q

Function of platelets

A

blood clotting

30
Q

Increased platelets is called

A

Thrombocytosis

31
Q

Decreased platelets called

A

Thrombocytopenia

32
Q

Toxin that affects platelets of small animals

A

Rodenticide

33
Q

IMTP diagnosis

A

CBC/blood smear, Clinical signs: petechial hemorrhages

34
Q

Treatment of IMTP

A

Immunosuppressants, Chemotherapy, Platelet rich plasma transfusion, anti-ulcer drugs

35
Q

Von Willbrand’s disease (vWD)

A

a blood disease caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), an adhesive glycoprotein in the blood required for normal platelet binding

36
Q

Most common hereditary blood clotting disorder in dogs

A

vWD

37
Q

Clinical signs of vWD

A

prolonged bleeding after sx or estrus, nose bleeds, petechiae

38
Q

Leukocytes (WBC) origin and function

A

Bone marrow; inflammatory response

39
Q

Lymphoma

A

in animals, a type of cancer defined by proliferation of malignant lymphocytes within solid organs such as the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and spleen

40
Q

Lymphomas are defined by

A

Anatomic location: Mediastinal, Alimentary, Multicentric. Extent of disease

41
Q

Feline lymphoma, 70% of cases associated with

A

FeLV, most commonly multi centric lymphoma

42
Q

Feline Lymphoma clinical signs

A

Peripheral lymphadenopathy, anorexia, V+, Dyspnea, weight loss

43
Q

Diagnosis of Feline lymphoma

A

FNA with cytology

44
Q

Client education for feline lymphoma

A

No cure, Px: 2-42 months, Chemo side effects

45
Q

Most common hematopoietic tumor in dogs

A

Canine lymphoma

Pathology & Diseases (6 decks)

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