Erection & Ejaculation

Question 1

Three stages of reproductive behaviours in male

Answer 1

-pre-copulatory
-copulatory
-post-copulatory

Question 2

Pre-copulatory behaviour in males includes (5)

Answer 2

-searching for female
-courtship
-arousal
-erection
-penile protrusion

Question 3

Copulatory behaviour in males includes (3)

Answer 3

-mounting
-intromission
-ejaculation

Question 4

Post-copulatory behaviour in males includes (2)

Answer 4

-dismount
-refractory period

Question 5

What happens during the Flehman response?

Answer 5

Curled upper lip + head up will close the nostrils to direct fluid into the vomeronasal organ which detects pheromones

Question 6

Arousal leads to (4)

Answer 6

-elevation of the testes
-increased genital blood flow
-increased scrotal circumference
-erection and penile protrusion

Question 7

During arousal, the ___ fills with blood

Answer 7

Corpus cavernosum

Question 8

Erection requires both __ and __ reflexes

Answer 8

Neural; vasomotor

Question 9

During erection, neural reflexes release ___ which drives vasomotor reflexes

Answer 9

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 10

Release of nitric oxide (3)

Answer 10

-relaxation and increased blood pressure of corporal sinusoids
-collapse of emissary veins
-contraction of Ischiocavernosus and Bulbospongiosus muscles (blocks venous return)

Question 11

Erection in the musculocavernous penis results in (3)

Answer 11

-increased blood flow
-relaxation of retractor penis muscle (remember: not present in cats)
-increase in length/diameter

Question 12

Erection in the fibroelastic penis results in (3)

Answer 12

-increased blood flow
-relaxation of the retractor penis muscle
-straightening of the sigmoid flexure

Question 13

Ability to ___ is a key element of breeding soundness

Answer 13

Mount

Question 14

Mounting occurs prior to

Answer 14

Intromission (penis into vagina)

Question 15

Two phases of ejaculation

Answer 15

-Emission
-Expulsion

Question 16

Emission is the

Answer 16

Movement of sperm from the cauda epididymis to vas deferens, emptying of seminal plasma into pelvic urethra

Question 17

Expulsion is the

Answer 17

Expulsion of semen from the penis through urethral opening

Question 18

Emission is driven by ___ while expulsion is driven by ___

Answer 18

Emission = pre-copulatory sensory stimuli
Expulsion = glans penis stimulation

Question 19

Emission results in contraction of smooth muscle in the (3)

Answer 19

-cauda epididymis
-vas deferens
-accessory sex glands

Question 20

Expulsion results in rhythmic contraction of (3)

Answer 20

-Ischiocavernosus muscle
-bulbospongiosus muscle
-urethralis muscle

Question 21

The refractory period is occurs

Answer 21

Immediately after mating, when males are unresponsive to further stimuli

Question 22

The end of the refractory period is influenced by (4)

Answer 22

-species
-amount of previous ejaculations
-male age
-novelty of female

Question 23

Two main methods for collecting semen include

Answer 23

-artificial vagina
-electroejaculation

Question 24

Males must be trained in order to collect semen via

Answer 24

Artificial vagina

Question 25

Electroejaculation is commonly used in

Answer 25

Wildlife

Question 26

It is common to collect semen in the boar and dog via

Answer 26

Digital manipulation

Question 27

In the bull, copulation takes ___ and ejaculate is into the

Answer 27

-1-2 seconds -vagina (lower tract)

Question 28

In the ram, copulation takes ___ and ejaculate is into the

Answer 28

-1-3 seconds -external cervical os (ie. top of vagina) of the lower tract

Question 29

In the stallion, copulation takes ___ and ejaculate is into the

Answer 29

-20-60 seconds -uterus (upper tract)

Question 30

In the boar, copulation takes ___ and ejaculate is into the

Answer 30

-5-20 minutes (dribble ejaculation) -cervix and uterus (upper tract)

Question 31

In the dog, copulation takes ___ and ejaculate is into the

Answer 31

-First stage = 2 min -Second stage (tie) = up to 45 min -vagina (lower tract)

Question 32

In the Tom, copulation takes ___ and ejaculate is into the

Answer 32

-1 min -vagina (lower tract)

Question 33

What would happen if you gave Viagra (which works by prolonging the vasodilators effect of nitric oxide) to a bull in the absence of sexual stimuli?

Answer 33

The bull would NOT get an erection - there is no sexual stimuli