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Pediatrics 1 > Erickson & Paiget Stages > Flashcards

Erickson & Paiget Stages Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the age range for Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage?

A

0-2 years old

This stage involves coordination of senses with motor responses and the development of object permanence.

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2
Q

What key concept is developed during the Sensorimotor stage?

A

Object permanence

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

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3
Q

What is a major characteristic of the Preoperational stage?

A

Symbolic thinking

This stage is marked by the use of proper syntax and grammar, although complex abstract thoughts are still difficult.

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4
Q

What is the age range for Piaget’s Preoperational stage?

A

2-7 years old

Children in this stage exhibit imagination and intuition.

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5
Q

What key concept is developed during the Preoperational stage?

A

Conservation

Conservation refers to the understanding that quantity does not change even when its shape does.

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6
Q

What is the age range for Piaget’s Concrete Operational stage?

A

7-11 years old

In this stage, concepts are attached to concrete situations.

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7
Q

What abilities are understood during the Concrete Operational stage?

A

Time, space, and quantity

These concepts can be applied but are not yet understood as independent concepts.

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8
Q

What is the age range for Piaget’s Formal Operational stage?

A

11 years old and older

This stage marks the beginning of abstract logic and reasoning.

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9
Q

What is a key feature of the Formal Operational stage?

A

Abstract logic and reasoning

At this stage, strategy and planning become possible, allowing concepts learned in one context to be applied to another.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: In Piaget’s theory, the _______ stage involves curiosity about the world and coordination of senses with motor responses.

A

Sensorimotor

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11
Q

True or False: In the Concrete Operational stage, children can think hypothetically.

A

False

Hypothetical thinking is characteristic of the Formal Operational stage.

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12
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Early Childhood according to Erikson?

A

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

This stage focuses on children developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.

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13
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Preschool age according to Erikson?

A

initiative vs. guilt

This stage involves children asserting control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.

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14
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Infancy according to Erikson?

A

trust vs. mistrust

This stage emphasizes the importance of caregivers in establishing trust in the infant.

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15
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for School Age according to Erikson?

A

industry vs. inferiority

In this stage, children need to cope with new social and academic demands.

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16
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Adolescence according to Erikson?

A

identity vs. role confusion

This stage is crucial for developing a personal identity and sense of self.

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17
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Young Adulthood according to Erikson?

A

intimacy vs. isolation

This stage focuses on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people.

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18
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Middle Adulthood according to Erikson?

A

generativity vs. stagnation

This stage centers on the need to create or nurture things that will outlast the individual.

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19
Q

What is the psychosocial conflict for Maturity according to Erikson?

A

ego integrity vs. despair

This stage involves reflection on life and either feeling a sense of fulfillment or regret.

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20
Q

List the stages of Psychosocial Development according to Erikson.

A
  • Infancy: trust vs. mistrust
  • Early Childhood: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
  • Preschool: initiative vs. guilt
  • School Age: industry vs. inferiority
  • Adolescence: identity vs. role confusion
  • Young Adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation
  • Middle Adulthood: generativity vs. stagnation
  • Maturity: ego integrity vs. despair

These stages represent different conflicts that individuals face throughout their lifespan.

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21
Q

What is the central conflict in Erikson’s psychosocial development stage for toddlers?

A

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

This stage emphasizes the importance of independence for toddlers.

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22
Q

Why is independence important for toddlers?

A

It is paramount as they are attempting to do everything for themselves.

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23
Q

What behavior do toddlers often exhibit as they express their independence?

A

Negativism, or negative responses.

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24
Q

What does ritualism provide for toddlers?

A

A sense of comfort.

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25
What do toddlers begin to explore as they develop autonomy?
The environment beyond those most familiar to them.
26
Fill in the blank: Toddlers often use _______ to express their independence.
negativism
27
Fill in the blank: Maintaining routines and reliability is known as _______.
ritualism
28
What is the primary conflict in Erikson's stage of initiative vs. guilt?
Preschoolers become energetic learners, despite not having all of the physical abilities necessary to be successful at everything.
29
What emotional response can preschoolers experience when they believe they have misbehaved?
Guilt
30
What can trigger feelings of guilt in preschoolers?
When they believe they have misbehaved or when they are unable to accomplish a task.
31
What is an appropriate way to guide preschoolers in their activities?
Guide them to attempt activities within their capabilities while setting limits.
32
What is the age range for the phase of intuitive thought according to Piaget?
Around the age of 4 years to 7 years ## Footnote This phase follows the preconceptual thought stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
33
In the preoperational phase, what significant shift occurs in preschoolers' thinking?
They move from totally egocentric thoughts to social awareness ## Footnote This shift includes the ability to consider the viewpoints of others.
34
What type of thinking involves the belief that thoughts can cause events to occur?
Magical thinking ## Footnote This is a characteristic of preschoolers' cognitive development.
35
What is animism in the context of preschool cognitive development?
Ascribing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects ## Footnote Preschoolers often believe that non-living things have feelings or intentions.
36
What does centration refer to in preschoolers' thinking?
Focus on one aspect instead of considering all possible alternatives ## Footnote This can lead to incomplete understanding of situations.
37
How do preschoolers begin to understand time?
They start to understand the sequence of daily events ## Footnote Time is best explained in relation to specific events.
38
By the end of the preschool years, what improvement do children have regarding time?
A better comprehension of time-oriented words ## Footnote This indicates an advancement in their cognitive development related to temporal concepts.
39
What is the transition that occurs during Piaget's concrete operations stage?
Transitions from perceptual to conceptual thinking ## Footnote This transition marks a significant cognitive shift in children's thinking processes.
40
What concept does a child master first in Piaget's concrete operations?
Conservation of mass ## Footnote Conservation refers to the understanding that quantity does not change even when its shape does.
41
In what order does a child master the concepts of conservation according to Piaget?
* Conservation of mass * Conservation of weight * Conservation of volume ## Footnote This order reflects the increasing complexity of the concepts as children develop.
42
What skill related to time do children learn during Piaget's concrete operations?
Learns to tell time ## Footnote This skill is part of their cognitive development and understanding of sequences.
43
What ability increases in children during the concrete operations stage?
Classifies more complex information ## Footnote This reflects their growing cognitive capabilities to categorize and understand relationships.
44
What perspective can children see during Piaget's concrete operations?
Able to see the perspective of others ## Footnote This is crucial for developing empathy and social skills.
45
What problem-solving capability do children acquire in Piaget's concrete operations?
Able to solve problems ## Footnote This signifies an advancement in logical thinking and reasoning.
46
What developmental conflict does Erikson identify in psychosocial development?
Industry vs. inferiority ## Footnote This stage occurs during childhood and is critical for self-esteem and competence.
47
How is a sense of industry achieved according to Erikson?
Through the development of skills and knowledge ## Footnote This allows the child to provide meaningful contributions to society.
48
What sense is gained through cooperation and competition with others?
A sense of accomplishment ## Footnote This helps children understand their abilities in social contexts.
49
What should children be challenged with to foster development according to Erikson?
Tasks that need to be accomplished ## Footnote This encourages growth and helps them navigate individual differences.
50
What can create a sense of inferiority in children?
Creating systems that reward successful mastery of skills and tasks ## Footnote This can lead to feelings of inadequacy in those unable to succeed.
51
What lesson should children learn regarding skill mastery?
Not everyone will master every skill ## Footnote This understanding is important for developing resilience and self-acceptance.
52
What are the characteristics of Piaget's formal operations stage?
* Able to think through more than two categories of variables concurrently * Capable of evaluating the quality of their own thinking * Able to maintain attention for longer periods of time * Highly imaginative and idealistic * Increasingly capable of using formal logic to make decisions * Think beyond current circumstances * Able to understand how the actions of an individual influence others * Able to think in terms of abstract possibilities and hypothetical situations ## Footnote These characteristics represent advanced cognitive abilities in adolescents as described by Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
53
At what cognitive development stage can individuals evaluate the quality of their own thinking?
Formal operations stage ## Footnote This stage is part of Piaget's theory, occurring roughly from age 11 onwards.
54
True or False: Individuals in the formal operations stage are not capable of thinking in terms of abstract possibilities.
False ## Footnote Individuals in this stage are able to think in terms of abstract possibilities and hypothetical situations.
55
Fill in the blank: In the formal operations stage, individuals are highly _______.
imaginative and idealistic ## Footnote This characteristic reflects their ability to envision possibilities beyond reality.
56
What ability increases in the formal operations stage regarding attention span?
Able to maintain attention for longer periods of time ## Footnote This ability enhances learning and cognitive processing.
57
What is the key conflict in Erikson's psychosocial development theory during adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion ## Footnote This conflict involves adolescents trying different roles to develop a sense of personal identity.
58
What do adolescents seek to achieve during the identity vs. role confusion stage?
A sense of personal identity and viewing themselves as unique individuals.
59
How does group identity affect adolescents?
It greatly influences their behavior.
60
Fill in the blank: Adolescents often try different _______ and experiences to develop a sense of personal identity.
roles
61
True or False: Adolescents do not seek to define their identity through peer interactions.
False

Pediatrics 1 (7 decks)

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