Erythrocytes, II; Granular Leukocytes

Question 1

Each Hb molecule can transport _____ oxygens.

Answer 1

4

Question 2

How many molecules of Hb and therefore, O2, can a RBC transport?

Answer 2

250 million Hb

1 billion O2

Question 3

There are ___g of iron in the body. ___% of that iron is in Hb.

Answer 3

4 grams

75%

Question 4

RBCs live _____ days, there are ________ in circulation, _________ are made/destroyed a second.

Answer 4

120 days
25 Trillion
2.5 million

Question 5

The _______, and to a lesser extent, the _____ removal old RBCs.

Answer 5

Spleen

Liver

Question 6

The iron and proteins in an old RBC are ______.

Answer 6

Recycled

Question 7

What is recycled heme turned into?

Answer 7

Bilirubin

Question 8

What is bilirubin?

Answer 8

A yellow/green pigment of bile

Question 9

What is hematocrit?

Answer 9

The % of RBCs in the blood

Question 10

What is a normal hematocrit for mean and women?

Answer 10

Men- 47%

Women- 42%

Question 11

What is anemia?

Answer 11

When blood has an abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 12

What are two causes of anemia?

Answer 12

Low Hb or Decreased RBC count

Question 13

What is sickle cell anemia? How can you write it?

Answer 13

Abnormal hemoglobin, sickle shaped
The RBCs are “sticky”
HbS

Question 14

What is a side-benefit of HbS?

Answer 14

Protects carriers from malaria

Question 15

What is EPO?

Answer 15

Erythropoietin

A hormone from the kidney that stimulates RBC production

Question 16

At a molecular level, what happens with CO and Hb?

Answer 16

Will bind to Fe2+ 210 stronger than O2, so it displaces O2

Question 17

What are Sx of CO poisoning?

Answer 17

The face becomes cherry red, confusion and headache

Need to administer 100% 02 to clear

Question 18

Leukocytes compose less than __% of blood volume.

Answer 18

1%

Question 19

_________ are the only formed elements that are complete cells. Therefore, they have nuclei.

Answer 19

Leukocytes

Question 20

Leukocytes can slip in and out of blood _______ to get to infected tissue.

Answer 20

Capillaries

Question 21

How many types of Leukocytes are there?

Answer 21

5.
Granular: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Agranular: Lymphocyte, Monocyte

Question 22

How long does a leukocyte live?

Answer 22

5-6 days

Question 23

Where are leukocytes formed? Where do they mature?

Answer 23

Formed in bone marrow

All but T-Cells mature in marrow, T-Cells mature in thymus

Question 24

What are the three granular leukocytes? What does granular mean?

Answer 24

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

Have granules under microscope

Question 25

Neutrophils are ____% of leukocytes and have ____ lobes.

Answer 25

65% | 2-6 lobes. More lobes means older.

Question 26

Describe the granules of a neutrophil.

Answer 26

Fine granules, lilac colored

Question 27

What size are neutrophils?

Answer 27

Almost twice as large as RBCs, 10-12 μm

Question 28

What is the most abundant leukocyte?

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 29

How do neutrophils act?

Answer 29

Phagocytic- Destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances

Question 30

An increase of neutrophils can indicate what?

Answer 30

Infection

Question 31

What leukocyte is the first responder to tissue damage?

Answer 31

Neutrophil, eg responding to a cut

Question 32

Eosinophils are ___% of leukocytes.

Answer 32

2%

Question 33

Describe the nucleus of a eosinophil.

Answer 33

2 lobes, connected by a strand

Question 34

Describe the granules of eosinophil.

Answer 34

Large, uniform, red-orange in color

Question 35

What size is eosinophil?

Answer 35

Slightly larger than a neutrophil, 10-14 μm

Question 36

What is the role of eosinophils?

Answer 36

Lead counterattack against parasites (So ↑ eosinophil, then parasite) eg, tapeworm, flukes, pinworms, hookworms

Question 37

What do increased numbers of eosinophils indicate?

Answer 37

Potential parasitic infection

Question 38

What is an antigen-antibody complex?

Answer 38

A complex formed by an antibody binding to an antigen.

Question 39

What ingests foreign proteins and antigen-antibody complexes?

Answer 39

Eosinophil

Question 40

Basophils are __% of leukocytes.

Answer 40

1%

Question 41

Describe the nucleus of a basophil

Answer 41

bilobed or irregular, sometimes S-Shaped

Question 42

Describe the granules of a basophil

Answer 42

Large, blue-black (hiding nucleus), no cytoplasm visible

Question 43

What size is basophil?

Answer 43

Slightly smaller than neutrophil, 8-10 μm

Question 44

What do basophils play a role in?

Answer 44

Allergic reactions

Question 45

What two compounds does basophil contain?

Answer 45

Histamine | Heparin

Question 46

What is histamine? What does it do?

Answer 46

Vasodilator, ↑ blood flow to tissue

Question 47

What is heparin? What does it do?

Answer 47

Anticoagulant, Inhibits clotting, promoting mobility of WBCs in area

Question 48

What other signals do basophils release?

Answer 48

Release chemical signals that attract eosinophils and neutrophils to site of infection