Sportsmanship
the unwritten rules of competition showing respect for others and being gracious in victory or defeat
Etiquette
a convention or an accepted way of behaving
examples of sportsmanship
in football kicking the ball out if a player is injured
in golf maintaining silence when taking a shot
why has sportmanship declined
a large emphasis on winning, media hype up events and rivalries and monetary rewards
how can sportmanship be promoted
introducing fair play schemes and campaigns, highlighting positive role models, better quality officials, punishment and stricter code of conduct
gamesmanship
the use of unethical but not illegal ways to win or gain a serious advantage
what does gamesmanship involve
winning at all costs mentality, bending rules or dubious interpretations
examples of gamesmanship
grunting in tennis, coughing or stamping feet to distract shooter in basketball
deviance
deliberate and dangerous breaking of rules such as violence, cheating and drug abuse
deviance can be caused by
spectators stirring performers
specific example of deviance
in boxing Mike Tyson was disqualified for biting off part of Evander Holyfield’s ear
examples of deviance
taking performance enhancing drugs, violence in sport, bribery and illegal gambling
why is there gamesmanship and deviance in sport
pressure and expectations, to gain financial reward, revenge or retaliation and governing bodies don’t punish deviance out of fearing of losing commercialism
definition of PED
a substance that can be taken to produce expected and welcome physical or psychological effects but also side effects
why are PED prohibited
undermines fair participation and contradicts ethics, it is illegal and could compromise the athletes heath and safety
why do athletes use PEDs
to gain sponsorship income, level the playing field, peer or coach pressure, to perform better and pressure to remain the best by improving physically
what does anabolic steroids do
mimics male sex hormones to promote muscle and bone growth and increase strength but decreases recovery time
negative stereotypes of anabolic steroids
liver and kidney damage, high blood pressure, acne, increased aggression and reduced sperm count
who takes anabolic steroids
sprinter, long jumper, boxer
what do beta blockers do
control the heart rate and reduce stress and anxiety
desired effects of beta blockers
reduce 2 times
reduce heart rate and keeps hand steady and reduce effect of adrenaline
negative side effects of beta blockers
dizziness, nausea, drowsiness and headache
who takes beta blockers
archery and shooting
what do stimulants do
effect on central nervous system for increased mental and physical alertness, overcome tiredness and offsets lactic acid
