Ethics Flashcards
(13 cards)
How can you deal with Privacy?
-Observations= in public places where people might expect to be seen by strangers
-Interviews + Questionnaires should not ask for personal/sensitive information
What are the limitations to dealing with Privacy?
-Very difficult to avoid when studying participants without their awareness
How can you deal with Confidentiality?
-Participants should use fake names as it will give anonymity
-Data protection makes this a legal right
What are the limitations to dealing with Confidentiality?
-Sometimes identity may be obvious despite anonymity
How can you deal with Deception?
-Experiment should be approved by an ethics committee
-Participants hould be fully debriefed after study- aims, nature etc
-Issues/concern= dealt with at the debrief
-Participants should be given the right to withdraw their data during the debrief
What are the limitations to dealing with Deception?
-If the researcher tells the participants the full and true aims of the research they may act differently- social desirability bias
-Their behaviour may be less truthful or natural
-Deception = Pp’s can’t give informed consent
-Decisions by ethics committees are subjective
How can you deal with the Right to Withdraw?
-Pp’s should always be aware that they can leave the study at anytime, regardless of incentives
-Very young children showing distress should be interpreted as them expressing their right to withdraw
What are the limitations to dealing with the Right to Withdraw?
-From the researchers pov it may be necessary to keep the Ps in the study until they have completed the task
How can you deal with Informed Consent?
-Presumptive consent - asking a group of people who are similar to the Pps whether they would agree to take part in the study.
-If this group of people agrees then it is presumed that the real Pps would.
What are the limitations to dealing with Informed Consent?
-Having informed consent may invalidate the results of the study if too much information is given to the Ps.
How can you deal with Protection from Harm?
-Gain informed consent prior to the start of the study to harm but maintain right to withdraw
What are the limitations to Protection from Harm?
-Researchers often investigate many important areas that may cause physical and psychological distress to Ps
-Sometimes harm is unexpected
What are some disadvantages of how Ethical Committees make decisions?
-Cost- benefit decisions = flawed because they involve subjective judgements from the members of the committee.
-Costs of the research are not always apparent until after the study has been conducted.
