Experimental Design

Question 1

What are some advantages of using Independent measures?

Answer 1

-No order effects (boredom/fatigue)

-Less demand characteristics (where participants may behave in a way to support the hypothesis)

-Some materials can be used with each condition

Question 2

What are some disadvantages of using Independent measures?

Answer 2

-Requires a different set of participants for each variable

-Differences between observations (age/sex etc) may interfere

Question 3

What are some advantages of using Repeated measures?

Answer 3

-Fewer participants are needed- fewer costs
-Less time-consuming as less participants are needed

Question 4

What are some disadvantages of using Repeated measures?

Answer 4

-Only one set of participant needed for variables: fewer participants so more economical

-Individual differences can be removed from the analysis

Question 5

What are some advantages of using Matched Pairs?

Answer 5

-Individual differences + order effects can be controlled

-Reduces participant variables

-Avoids some extraneous variables

Question 6

What are some disadvantages of using Matched Pairs?

Answer 6

-Can be difficult + time-consuming to match participants for the required characteristics

-Expensive

-Requires a lot of participants

Question 7

What is Counterbalancing and what is it used for?

Answer 7

-An experimental technique used to overcome order effects when using a repeated measures design.

-Counterbalancing ensures that each condition is tested first or second in equal amounts.