Sampling Flashcards
What are the advantages for using Opportunity Sampling?
-Easier and more convenient way of selecting participants compared to other techniques.
-Less time-consuming as there is minimal planning involved
What are the disadvantages for using Opportunity Sampling?
-People available may not be representative of the target population
-Not everyone has an equal chance of taking part and is therefore unfair
-Researcher bias: researcher picks who to approach, which is subject to discrimination
What is are some advantages for using Random Sampling?
-Is the fairest way to select a sample compared to others like opportunity where they don’t.
What is are some disadvantages for using Random Sampling?
-Not necessarily the most representative way of selecting a sample (may only select one type of person e.g. age, gender, ethnicity etc.)
What are some advantages for Systematic Sampling?
-Sample tends to be more representative of the target population because the researcher has some control over who to select.
What are some disadvantages for Systematic Sampling?
-Not the fairest way to select a sample as not everyone has an equal chance of being chosen
What are some advantages for using Self-selected Sampling?
-Researcher gains willing participants who want to take part in the study compared to samples like random where participants may refuse.
What are some disadvantages for using Self-selected Sampling?
-Can be highly unrepresentative as a certain type of people are likely to participate in the study.
What does Stratified and Quota Sampling have in common?
-Both techniques are when a researcher needs a representative sample of the sampling frame
-Either Stratified or Quota can be used
What is the difference between Stratified and Quota Sampling?
ristics of the target population are identified each strata is chosen RANDOMLY- so it’s fair but more time-consuming
-Quota= once the characteristics of the target population are identified each strata is chosen via OPPORTUNITY SAMPLING- so less fair but quicker than Stratified as researcher does not have to randomly select participants
What are some advantages for using Stratified + Quota Sampling?
-Likely to be representative of the target population because there is proportional representation of subgroups
What are some disadvantages for using Stratified + Quota Sampling?
-Very time consuming to identify and allocate to subgroups
What are some advantages for using Snowball Sampling?
-Enables a researcher to locate groups of participants who are difficult to access
What are some disadvantages for using Snowball Sampling?
-Unlikely to be representative of the target population as it’s based on friends of friends
-There is no equal chance of being selected
What are some advantages for using Event and Time sampling?
-Useful for recording observations of infrequent behaviours (Event)
-Useful for recording observations of frequent behaviours (Time)
What are some disadvantages for using Event and Time sampling?
-If too many observations happen at once it may be difficult to record everything.
-Some behaviours may be missed + therefore the observation may not be representative.
-Observer/researcher bias: observations may be subjective
What are some advantages for Cross sectional Studies?
-Cheap, quick practica as participants need to be tested only once with no follow-up study
-Participants=more easily obtained as there is less pressure/less obligation
-Less ethican consideration needed
What are some disadvantages for Cross sectional Studies?
-Less rich data collected
-From one time only so harder to identify and analyse dvelopmental trends
What are some advantages for Longitudinal Studies?
-Same participants used throughtout so participants varaibles don’t effect data collected
-Best way of spotting developmental trends and it includes repeated tests and regular intervals
What are some disadvantages for Longitudinal Studies?
-Participants may want to quit or move away which disrupsts the study
-If this happens findsing are now biased if participants share a characteristic
-Can be expensive
-Time-consuming
