Ethics 2 Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
In ancient times, these two things lived in balance
A
Humans and nature
2
Q
In ancient times, humans and nature lived in
A
Balance
3
Q
Humans did this in order to ensure their safety and satisfy their growing material ambition
A
Working to modify and alter their natural environment
4
Q
Humans worked towards modifying and altering their natural environment in order to
A
Ensure their safety and satisfy their growing material ambition
5
Q
With the passage of time and thanks to accumulated knowledge, people was able to settle down and achieve a period of industrial progress known as
A
Industrial Revolution
6
Q
Sources of energy which we have used in order
A
Coal, oil, electrical, nuclear
7
Q
Industrial Revolution
A
Economic, social and technological transformation (agriculture to industrial)that has impacted and deteriorated the environment
8
Q
Industrial Revolution happened in this time
A
Second half of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century.
9
Q
Places where the Industrial Revolution happened
A
Western Europe and North America
10
Q
Change in Western Europe and North America which happened in the second half of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century.
A
Industrial revolution
11
Q
Science and technology did this to the human population
A
Doubled it
12
Q
This caused the human population to double
A
Advances in science and technology
13
Q
Environmental ethics
A
Discipline that guides human behavior responsibly, caring for the natural environment
14
Q
Discipline that guides human behavior responsibly, caring for the natural environment
A
Environmental ethics
15
Q
Philosophical enviornmental stances
A
Anthropocentric, ecocentric, biocentric
16
Q
Anthropocentric
A
Social philosophy that postualtes that all situation in the world revolve around humans
17
Q
Social philosophy that postualtes that all situation in the world revolve around humans
A
Anthropocentric
18
Q
Anthropocentrism is based on the belief that
A
Humans are similar to God, so they therefore have power over every living being.
19
Q
Anthropocentrism originated in this era for this reason
A
Middle Ages, since the Church wanted to keep humanity in ignorance and fear
20
Q
Ecocentrism
A
Social philosophy that sows interest in nature and attributes moral values to ecosystems
21
Q
Social philosophy that sows interest in nature and attributes moral values to ecosystems
A
Ecocentrism
22
Q
Ecocentrism arrises during these centuries
A
17th to 20thh
23
Q
Ecocentrism arises as a reaction to
A
Obvious and notorious atrocities caused by anthropocentrism
24
Q
The postulates of ecocentrism are based on the fact that
A
All activity and reasoning carried out by people must be particularly focuses on safeguarding the conservation of nature
25
Best known proposal of Ecocentrism
Deep ecology
26
Deep Ecology was proposed by
Arne Naess
27
Deep Ecology was proposed in this year
1972
28
Arne Naess proposed this theory in 1972
Deep Ecology
29
Arne Naess' nationality
Finnish
30
Postulates of Deep Ecology
- Human beings should be considered equal to other species
- Nature doesn't exist to satisfy humans
- Nature is the only valuable entity, and humans are just one element of this entity
31
Biocentrism
Social philosophy that attributes moral value to all living beings, regardless of complexity
32
Social philosophy that attributes moral value to all living beings, regardless of complexity
Biocentrism
33
Best known postulate of biocentrism
Species and natural systems have an objetice value independe of that designated by humans
34
Species and natural systems have an objective value independent of that designated by humans
Best known postulate of biocentrism
35
The postulate that species and natural systems have an objective value independent of that designated by humans in biocentrism is based on
Without humans, other species would still follow their life courses
36
Without humans, other species would still follow their life courses. This led to this postulate
Species and natural systems have an objetice value independe of that designated by humans
Biocentrism
37
Defenders of biocentrism
J.O'Neill and H. Rolston III
38
J.O'Neill and H. Rolston III are defenders of
Biocentrism
39
Biocentrism says that human activities should
No impact, disturb, or harm other species
40
Biocentrism grants moral value to
Each living being individually
41
Ecocentrism grants moral values to
Complex and delicate natural ecosystems that support the planet's life
42
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical positions which include all humans
Anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, biocentrism
43
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical positions which take ecosystems into account
Ecocentrism, biocentrism
44
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical positions which take species into account
Ecocentrism, biocentrism
45
Moral subject of anthropocentrism
Humans
46
Moral subject of ecocentrism
Ecosystems and all their biological components including humans
47
Moral subject of biocentrism
All living organisms, including humans
48
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose moral subject is humans
Anthropocentrism
49
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose moral subject is Ecosystems and all their biological components including humans
ecocentrism
50
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose moral subject is All living organisms, including humans
Biocentrism
51
Vision of anthropocentrism
Reductionists
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Vision of ecocentrism
Holistic
53
Vision of biocentrism
Holistic
54
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose vision is reductionist
Anthropocentrism
55
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose vision is holistic
Ecocentrism, biocentrism
56
Value given to organisms according to anthropocentrism
Instrumental value granted by humans
57
Value given to organisms according to ecocentrism
Intrinsic value of every living being independent of humans
58
Value given to organisms according to biocentrism
Intrinsic value of every living being independent of humans
59
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position where Instrumental value granted by humans
Anthropocentrism
60
Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position where Intrinsic value of every living being independent of humans
Ecocentrism, biocentrism
61
Main exponent of ecocentrism
Arthur of Tipiology
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Arthur of Tipiology is the main exponent of
Ecocentrism
63
Document promulgated on June 29, 2000
Earth Charter
64
Earth Charter
Document that promotes human awareness and is based on environmental ethics
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Document that promotes human awareness and is based on environmental ethics
Earth Charter
66
Environmental issues (definition)
Product of large number of human beings and the needs they demand to survive
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Product of large number of human beings and the needs they demand to survive
Environmental issues
68
The link between humans and nature have generated problems such as
Climate change, environmental pollution, and loss of biodiversity
69
Portion of the bible that was called into question in the 20th century
Genesis, "Grow and dominate the Earth"
70
Three phases of ethical deliberation of an environmental problem
Documentation, analysis, pronouncement
71
Documentation during ethical deliberation of an environmental problem
Collect evidence of situation, participants, relationships, and the damage caused to the environment and to society
72
Analysis during ethical deliberation of an environmental problem
Exhaustive inestigation, examining relations and interconnections. Exposition and explanation of the ethical contradiction that concurs, as well as the incident
73
Pronouncement during ethical deliberation of an environmental problem
Exposing probable solutions, possible solutions, and detailing the ethical-moral reasoning of failure found in the norms
74
Environmental responsibility arises from
Stockholm Declaration
75
The Stockholm Declaration was written in
1972
76
Laws that Mexico has had to regulate the environment
Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
Federal Law for Environmental Protection
General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection (in force)
77
First envionrmental law in Mexico
Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
78
The first environmental law in Mexico was erected in
1971
79
The Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution was enacted in
1971
80
Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution. Purpose
Regulate air, water and soil pollution
81
Responsible for application of the Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
Ministry of Health and Assistance (SSA), specifically Subsecretariat for Environmental Improvement
82
Law which regulates air, water and soil pollution
Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
83
Law which was applied and enforced by Ministry of Health and Assistance (SSA), specifically Subsecretariat for Environmental Improvement
Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
84
Year when the Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution was replaced by the Federal Law for Environmental Protection
1982
85
Law which replaced Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
Federal Law for Environmental Protection
86
Law which was replaced by Federal Law for Environmental Protection
Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
87
Contributions of the Federal Law for Environmental Protection
Monitor health problems, while also covering urban problems. This started a legislative era in Mexico around environmental matters
88
Created to enfore legal framework in 1982 to help environmental problems and stop deterioration of natural ecosystems
Ministry of Urban Development and Ecology (SEDUE)
| Subsecretariat of Ecology
89
Ministry of Urban Development and Ecology (SEDUE) was created in
1982
90
Subsecretariat of Ecology was created in
1982
91
Year when the Federal Law for the Protection of the Environment was replaced by the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
1988
92
Law which replaced the Federal Law for the Protection of the Environment
General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
93
Law which was replaced by General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
Federal Law for the Protection of the Environment
94
Reason why General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was created
Formalize the responsibility of preventing pollution and conserving natural resources
95
For this new legal framework and based on changes in the international order, this was created in 1992
Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL)
96
Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL) was created in
1992
97
Organizations which SEDESOL would use to enforce the law on environmental matters nationally
National Institute of Ecology (INE)
| Federal Attorney for Environmental Protectionh (PROFEPA)
98
National Institute of Ecology (INE)
| Federal Attorney for Environmental Protectionh (PROFEPA) were used by this secretariat
Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL)
99
National Institute of Ecology (INE) was created in
1992
100
Federal Attorney for Environmental Protectionh (PROFEPA) was created in
1992
101
Ministry created in 1994
Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP)
102
Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP) was created in
1994
103
Responsible for administrative and legal functions in environmental matters
Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP)
104
Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP). Purpose
Responsible for administrative and legal functions in environmental matters
105
Year when the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was reformed to include "sustainable development"
1996
106
In 1996, this law was reformed
General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
107
In 1996, the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was
Reformed to include "sustainable development"
108
Decentralized bodies that were created to strengthen the administrative function after the reform of the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was
National Water Comission, Mexican Institute of Water Technology, National Fisheries Institute
Joined National Institute of Ecology and Federal Office of Environmental Protecction
109
Year when the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) was created
2000
110
Ministries created in 2000
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA)
111
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) was created to enforce the following environmental policies
- National Water Comission
- National Institute of Ecology
- Attorny General's Office Federal Environmental Protection
- National Commission of Natural Protected Areas
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology
- National Forestry Commission
112
Year when the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA) was created
2000
113
National Fisheries Institute this Ministry in 2000
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA)
114
Year when Mexico began its commitment to sustainability by establishing the Program to Promote Sustainable Development
2001
115
Program established in 2001 as a commitment to sustainability
Program to Promote Sustainable Development
116
Program to Promote Sustainable Development. Purpose
Implement programs to strengthen evironmental poicies in Mexico
117
National Institute of Ecology is now known as
National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)
118
National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC) was previously known as
National Institute of Ecology (INE)
119
Year when National Fisheries Institute changed its name to the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Institute
2007
120
Agency created in 2015
Safety, Energy, and Environmental Agency
121
Safety, Energy, and Environmental Agency was created in
2015
122
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)
Governmental and administrative body whose objective is to create and apply the environmental protection policy, with the purpose of preventing environmental damage and promulgating the bases to achieve sustainable development in the country. Regulates environmental activities
123
Governmental and administrative body whose objective is to create and apply the environmental protection policy, with the purpose of preventing environmental damage and promulgating the bases to achieve sustainable development in the country. Regulates environmental activities
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)
124
National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)
Responsible for conceiving environmental knowledge, through support for technological research and development that favors nature and contributes towards the reversal of climate change.
125
Decentralized institutional bodies of Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)
- National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)
- Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA)
- National Water Comission (CONAGUA)
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)
- National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP)
- National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR)
- Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA)
126
Responsible for conceiving environmental knowledge, through support for technological research and development that favors nature and contributes towards the reversal of climate change.
National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)
127
Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA)
Agency that enforces legal regulations in environmental matters with the purpose of contributing to sustainable development.
128
Agency that enforces legal regulations in environmental matters with the purpose of contributing to sustainable development.
Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA)
129
National Water Commission (CONAGUA)
Agency responsible for administering and safeguarding national waters in our country, to achieve its sustainable use.
130
Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)
Institution whose function is to promote research and development of new technology to protect water.
131
Agency responsible for administering and safeguarding national waters in our country, to achieve its sustainable use.
National Water Commission (CONAGUA)
132
Institution whose function is to promote research and development of new technology to protect water.
Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)
133
National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP)
Safeguards Mexico's natural capital through the administration and surveillance of Natural Protected Areas and the creation of the Sustainable Regional Development Program
134
Safeguards Mexico's natural capital through the administration and surveillance of Natural Protected Areas and the creation of the Sustainable Regional Development Program
National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP)
135
National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR)
Aims to support the promotion and development of the preservation and rehabilitation of forests, as well as intervene in sustainable forest management
136
Aims to support the promotion and development of the preservation and rehabilitation of forests, as well as intervene in sustainable forest management
National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR)
137
Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA)
Agency established to regulate and intervene in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection In the field of hydrocarbons
138
Agency established to regulate and intervene in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection In the field of hydrocarbons
Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA)
139
National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO)
Disseminates, promotes and assissts in actions that concern the protection and sustainability of the country's biological diversity. Intersecretarial body of the federal government formed in 1992.
140
Disseminates, promotes and assissts in actions that concern the protection and sustainability of the country's biological diversity.
National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO)
141
Intersecretarial body of the federal government formed in 1992.
National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO)
142
National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INAPESCA)
Provides support to conserve, regulate and deploy fishing and aquaculture activities that contribute to the protection of biological diversity, as well as natural aquatic systems
143
Provides support to conserve, regulate and deploy fishing and aquaculture activities that contribute to the protection of biological diversity, as well as natural aquatic systems
National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INAPESCA)
144
Decentralized institutional body of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADER)
National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INAPESCA)
145
The environmental legal framework in Mexico is based on these articles in the Constitution
4, 25, 27, 73
146
Article 27 in the Constitution
Conservation of the Country's natural assets and resources
147
Article in the Constitution. Conservation of the Country's natural assets and resources
27
148
Article 73 in the Constitution, Section XVI
Specifies control measures and prevention of environmental pollution
149
Article in the Constitution. Specifies control measures and prevention of environmental pollution
73, Section XVI
150
Article 25 in the Constitution
Indicates the criteria of social equity and sustainability, from which the State will regulate the use and exploitation of the environment, both in the social and private productive sectors
151
Article in the Constitution. Indicates the criteria of social equity and sustainability, from which the State will regulate the use and exploitation of the environment, both in the social and private productive sectors
25
152
Article 4 in the Constitution
Everyone has the right to a healthy environment
153
Article in the Constitution. Everyone has the right to a healthy environment
4
154
In relation to the environment, our constitutional foundations mainly deal with:
Conservation of natural resources
Prevention and control of environmental pollution that affects ecosystems and people's health
Care with which the environment should be treated in its productive use
155
The Constitution laws the foundation for environmental policy provisions which include
Moral Persuasion
Economic instruments
Direct control instruments
Government investment
156
Environmental policy provision. Moral Persuasion
Through information, education, and persuasion, it seeks to change the behavior of people andorganizations
157
Environmental policy provision. Through information, education, and persuasion, it seeks to change the behavior of people and organizations
Moral persuasion
158
Environmental policy provision. Economic instruments
Seeks to change people's and corporation's behavior by affecting their costs and benefits
159
Environmental policy provision. Seeks to change people's and corporation's behavior by affecting their costs and benefits
Economic instrumets
160
Environmental policy provision. Direct control instruments
Seeks to change people's and corporation's behavior through the imposition of standards and technology
161
Environmental policy provision. Seeks to change people's and corporation's behavior through the imposition of standards and technology
Direct control instruments
162
The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was published in
Official Gazette of the Federation on January 28th, 1988.
163
Published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 28th, 1988.
The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
164
The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
Monitors and regulates the improvement of the environment, as well as the preservation of biodiversity and protected natural areas
165
Monitors and regulates the improvement of the environment, as well as the preservation of biodiversity and protected natural areas
The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
