Ethics and Value theory Flashcards
(16 cards)
Explain Utilitarianism in relation to Ethics.
The ethical theory that actions are right IF they maximize overall happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people.
Explain Deontology in relation to Ethics.
The ethical view that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their consequences, often based on rules or duties.
Explain Consequentialism in relation to Ethics
The belief that the moral value of an action is determined by its overall consequences.
Explain Virtue Ethics.
An ethical theory that emphasizes the role of character and virtues in moral philosophy rather than rules or consequences.
Explain Relativism in relation to Ethics.
The belief that moral values and ethics are relative to individual cultures and perspectives, with NO absolute moral truths.
Explain Absolutism in relation to Ethics.
The view that there are objective, universal moral principles that apply to all people regardless of context and situation.
Explain Hedonism in relation to Ethics.
The theory that pleasure or happiness is the highest good and proper aim of human life.
Explain Altruism in relation to Ethics.
The belief in or practice of selfless concern for the well being of others.
Explain Egoism in relation to Ethics.
The ethical theory that individuals should act in their own self-interest.
Explain Moral Realism in relation to Ethics.
The view that there are objective moral facts and values that exist independently of human beliefs or perceptions.
Explain Moral Anti-Realism in relation to Ethics.
The belief that there are no objective moral facts, and that moral statements are either subjective or non-factual.
Explain Subjectivism in relation to Ethics.
The view that moral values are determined by individual preferences or attitudes.
Explain Objectivism in relation to Ethics.
The belief that moral values are objective and exist independently of individual beliefs or feelings.
Explain Nihilism in relation to Ethics.
The belief that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value.
Explain Existentialism in relation to Ethics.
The ethical viewpoint that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility in creating one’s own meaning and values
Explain Feminism in relation to Ethics.
The belief in and advocacy for the equality of the sexes, particularly in social, political, and economical contexts.
