Ethics in Health Care

Question 1

Discipline that examines one’s moral standards or standards of society

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

Standards that one has about what is right and wrong, good or bad

Answer 2

Morality

Question 3

Not established or changed by decision of particular authoritative bodies; preferred to other values; impartial

Answer 3

Moral standards

Question 4

Who formulated the Stages of Theory of Moral Reasoning?

Answer 4

Lance Kohlberg

Question 5

What was the dilemma presented in the Theory of Moral Reasoning?

Answer 5

Heinz Dilemma

Question 6

Focus of pre-conventional stage

Answer 6

Me

Question 7

Focus of conventional stage

Answer 7

Others, group

Question 8

Focus of post-conventional stage

Answer 8

Global perspective

Question 9

Respecting others and the rules that are needed for the good of all

Answer 9

Law and Order

Question 10

Please others and earn their approval

Answer 10

Interpersonal Concordance

Question 11

Feeling a sense of empathy

Answer 11

Individualism and Exchange

Question 12

First stage in the Theory of Moral Reasoning

Answer 12

Reward and Punishment

Question 13

Where ethical reasoning happens

Answer 13

Post-conventional stage

Question 14

A commitment to the universal principles

Answer 14

Universal Principles

Question 15

Universal principles (3)

Answer 15

Equality for all, social justice, respect for human dignity

Question 16

Recognizes that all values and norms are relative, and that there are fair ways for reaching a consensus

Answer 16

Social contract and individual rights

Question 17

Who came up with the Anatomy of an Ethical Decision?

Answer 17

Manuel Velasquez

Question 18

What is the Anatomy of an Ethical Decision (5)

Answer 18

Moral standards > Gather information > Moral judgment > Choose a course of action > Communicate Well

Question 19

Benefits and costs in consideration of the bigger group; greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Answer 19

Utilitarianism

Question 20

Also known as the Categorical Imperative framework

Answer 20

Kantian Ethics

Question 21

It can be safely prescribed as a law for everyone

Answer 21

Categorical Imperative

Question 22

The 2 Principles of Kantian Ethics

Answer 22

Universality, Reversability

Question 23

Golden Rule: “What if everybody did that?”

Answer 23

Reversability

Question 24

Applied to anybody because they will agree with it

Answer 24

Universality

Question 25

Also known as the ethics of duty and rationality

Answer 25

Kantian Ethics

Question 26

Characteristics which make a person the best he/she could be

Answer 26

Virtue

Question 27

An action is right if it is what a virtuous person would do

Answer 27

Virtue Ethics

Question 28

Proponents of Virtue Ethics

Answer 28

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 29

Self actualization will bring about _____________

Answer 29

Authentic happiness (eudaimonia)

Question 30

Emphasis on what can be done to produce the sort of character that instinctively does the right thing to do (habit, journey)

Answer 30

Virtue Ethics

Question 31

Communitarian Ethics

Answer 31

Ethics of Care

Question 32

Proponent of the Ethics of Care

Answer 32

Carol Gilligan

Question 33

True or False: Ethics of Care forces us to focus on the moral value of being impartial

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Recognition of the existence of a supernatural being, whose existence is a fact

Answer 34

Christian Ethics

Question 35

Self actualization is not an end of Christian Ethics, but is a ___________.

Answer 35

By-product

Question 36

Who was the proponent of the Hedonic Calculus?

Answer 36

Benham

Question 37

What are the variables measured to calculate utility?

Answer 37

``` Intensity Fecundity Proximity Purity Certainty Duration ```

Question 38

What are the four principles of ethics?

Answer 38

Non-maleficence Beneficence Respect for autonomy Justice

Question 39

Requires intentionality regarding actions that can cause or risk harm

Answer 39

Non-maleficence

Question 40

Puts premium on benefits and happiness

Answer 40

Beneficence

Question 41

Acting in such a way that enables another person to act fully in accordance with self-chosen plan

Answer 41

Respect for autonomy

Question 42

Autonomy is present if person has

Answer 42

Liberty, agency

Question 43

Ought to give what is due a person

Answer 43

Justice

Question 44

Angeles Model of Ethical Reasoning (7)

Answer 44

``` Gather information Identify stakeholders Articulate dilemma Look at alternatives Weigh values Determine consequences Make a decision ```

Question 45

Matrix of comparing values

Answer 45

Values upheld Values compromised Alternatives Consequences

Question 46

Litmus test in making decision

Answer 46

Publicity Legality Time

Question 47

UNESCO Model of Ethical Decision Making

Answer 47

``` Fact Deliberation Value Deliberation Duty Deliberation Consistency test Final Decision ```