Ethnic identities Flashcards
What did Nayak say about ethnic identities?
Changing
‘White Wannabes’- describes White British males who behave in a way influenced by black hip-hop cultures (e.g. Ali G)
What did Cashmore and Troyna say about ethnic identities?
Still significant
Ethnic minorities have a tendency to ‘turn inwards’ in response to racism- seeking support from their own ethnic communities
What did James say about ethnic identities?
Still significant
Shared experience of racism unifies African-Caribbeans in the UK. Hierarchy of colour due to colonialism creates differences but racism unites them
What did Jacobson say about ethnic identities?
Not changing, still significant
Young Pakistanis adopt a strong Islamic identity, as a result of social exclusion from white British society. Strong sense of identity provides them with stability and security
What did Modood say about ethnic identities?
Changing, no longer significant
Generational divides in Asian and African-Caribbean families show ethnic identities are changing. 2nd generation felt more British than their parents (hybrid identities)
What do Postmodernists say about ethnic identities?
Changing
Identity is about choice, people can create their own hybrid identity (pick n mix), (supermarket of style)
What did Back say about ethnic identities?
Changing, no longer significant
White and black youths developed hybrid identities. ‘Neighbourhood nationalism’ (common identity) allows for a shared identity between ethnic groups
What did Brah say about ethnic identities?
Changing, no longer significant
Young British Asians are skillful cultural code switchers- find ways to negotiate their identity (e.g. identify one way with peers, and another with parents)
What did Butler say about ethnic identities?
Changing
3rd generation Muslims can choose from a number of different identities- adopt some Western ideas, and retaining traditional beliefs. Families shape identity
What did Johal say about ethnic identities?
Changing
2nd and 3rd generation Asians have a dual identity- inherit Asian identity, and adopt a British identity. Results in code switching and adopting a white mask
What did Burdsey say about ethnic identities?
Changing
Under-representation of Asians in football, causing them to create a dual identity and code switch from group to group
What did Ghumman say about ethnic identities?
Still significant, not changing
2nd generation British-Asians focus on tradition, religion and family values within their upbringing
What did Ballard say about ethnic identities?
Changing
2nd generation South Asians in Britain experience 2 cultures- follow a hybrid identity. 1st generation= British culture has little value
What did Gilroy say about ethnic identities?
Changing
Young black people in Uk argue for use of term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity not rooted in the UK- shared experience of racism creates a shared identity
What did Derrington and Kendall/Song/Francis and Archer say about ethnic identities?
Still significant, not changing
D+K= traveller community
S+F+A= British Chinese families
Challenges of growing up in minority groups- shared identity due to discrimination and social exclusion
