Ethnobotany

Question 1

Heteromeles Arbutifolia (Hollywood)

Answer 1

Berries -> food/medicine
Step Flowers/Leaves
Heal Wounds/Topical Wash
Preserves/Jellies

Question 2

Elderberry (sambucus nigra)

Answer 2

Medicinal -> diuretic, skin infections, fevers/colds
Craftwork -> instruments, smoking pipes
Taste -> tea, kombucha, syrup, wines, jellies

Question 3

American Ginseng

Answer 3

Digestive issues, pain relief, respiratory, asthma, adaptogen, ginsenosides

Question 4

Clayton perfoliata (Miner’s Lettuce)

Answer 4

salad, prevent scurvy, ascorbic acid

Question 5

Ephedra California (desert tea)

Answer 5

mormon tea, syphilis, gonorrhea, bowel/kidney disorders, backaches, menstruation

Question 6

Prunus ilicifolia (holly-leaved cherry)

Answer 6

native to coastal CA, food source, delicacy, treat colds

Question 7

Vernonia amygdalin (Bitter leaf)

Answer 7

African, cure malaria, rich in quinine, antioxidants

Question 8

Artemisia douglasiana (mugwort)

Answer 8

essential oils, flavonoids, special terpenes, reduce GI, gynecological, antiallergenic, Korean skin care

Question 9

Marah marcocarpus (wild cucumber)

Answer 9

not edible, medicinal, laxatives, stun fish, bracelets, acne, sores, skin

Question 10

Salvia columbariae (chia)

Answer 10

grinded into flour, cooking seeds, tortillas, chia deserts, anti diabetic, high fiber

Question 11

Human Bred Crops

Answer 11

non-shattering heads, larger seeds, non-dormant seeds, fewer defenses

Question 12

Wheat Grain

Answer 12

embryo (germ), starchy endosperm, seed coat + fruit wall (bran)

Question 13

Whole Wheat Flour

Answer 13

bran and germ, more nutritious

Question 14

Gluten protein

Answer 14

stretches and expands with CO2 release from respiring yeast

Question 15

Corn

Answer 15

high fructose corn syrup, animal feed, ethanol

Question 16

Golden Rice

Answer 16

GMO attempt to introduce more vitamin A into diets

Question 17

Indica Rice

Answer 17

fluffy and dry, main rice in West

Question 18

Sativa Rice

Answer 18

sticky when cooked, work with chopsticks

Question 19

Concentrated Sweetener

Answer 19

sugar cane, sugar beets, maple trees, honey

Question 20

Argobacterium

Answer 20

useful pathogen, bacteria often share DNA in small plasmid, incorporation into plant’s DNA, CRISPR mutations, GMO

Question 21

GMO Advantages

Answer 21

herbicide resistant, insecticidal crops, reduce tillage erosion

Question 22

GMO Disadvantages

Answer 22

contaminate non-GMO crops

Question 23

Three Sisters

Answer 23

Corn, beans, squash (supply 20 amino acids), beans = nitrogen, corn = provide support, squash = ground cover

Question 24

Herbs/Spices

Answer 24

envolved as chemical defenses to deter herbivory

Question 25

Terpenes

Answer 25

aroma of conifer needles and citrus fruits

Question 26

Phenols

Answer 26

thyme, oregano, cloves, cinnamon, vanilla

Question 27

Alkaloids

Answer 27

black pepper

Question 28

Lipids

Answer 28

cloves, mints

Question 29

Capsicum

Answer 29

pepper spicy

Question 30

Cinnamon

Answer 30

dried bark of large trees in Asia

Question 31

Cloves

Answer 31

unopened flower buds of Asian tree

Question 32

Vanilla

Answer 32

long, complex orchid fruits

Question 33

Theobroma cacao

Answer 33

source of chocolate

Question 34

Tobacco

Answer 34

alkaloid nicotine, toxic, highly addictive

Question 35

Cannabis sativa

Answer 35

marijuana, leaves, THC

Question 36

Opium Poppies

Answer 36

morphine, codeine, alkaloids, heroin

Question 37

Willows

Answer 37

bark contain salicylic acid, aspirin

Question 38

Periwinkle

Answer 38

anticancer drugs

Question 39

Digitalis purpurea

Answer 39

stabilize heartbeat