Final Vocab Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
Monstera
A
fenestrated leaves
2
Q
Pothos
A
climbers, hanging
3
Q
Ficus
A
fiddle leaf fig
4
Q
Snake Plant
A
easy
5
Q
Spider Plant
A
Propagater
6
Q
ZZ Plant
A
eternity plant
7
Q
Air Plant
A
reduced roots
8
Q
African Violet
A
purple
9
Q
Orchid
A
epiphytes
10
Q
Succulents
A
low water/high light
11
Q
Carnivorous Plants
A
nutrient poor bogs
12
Q
Microfibrils
A
parallel cellulose molecules crystallize, cover plasma membrane
13
Q
Hemicelluloses
A
bind together the microfibrils
14
Q
Middle lamella
A
composed of pectins
15
Q
Plasmodesmata
A
small channels that connect adjacent cells
16
Q
Primary Pit Fields
A
clusters of plasmodesmata
17
Q
Symplast
A
protoplasts connected by plasmodesmata
18
Q
Apoplast
A
all intercellular space and cell walls
19
Q
Dictyosomes
A
protein modification, stacks of the vesicles, golgi esk
20
Q
General Cell Types
A
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
21
Q
Parenchyma
A
thin primary walls, metabolic, alive, storage, inexpensive
22
Q
Chlorenchyma
A
(parenchyma), photosynthetic
23
Q
Glandular Cells
A
(parenchyma), secretions, nectar
24
Q
Transfer Cells
A
(parenchyma), short distance transport
25
Sieve Elements
(parenchyma), long-distance sugar transport
26
Collenchyma
thin and thick primary cell wall, plasticity, flexible, least common
27
Sclerenchyma
primary + thick secondary wall, elastic, strength, dead
28
Conductive Sclerenchyma
treachery elements (vessel/tracheids)
29
Mechanical Sclerenchyma
fibers/sclereids
30
Tracheids
typically shorter and narrower than vessels, small pits
31
Vessel Elements
perforations, easier water movement
32
Fibers
long and flexible, wood
33
Sclereids
short, inflexible, brittle (seeds)
34
Epidermis
outermost surface of stem, single parenchyma, protection
35
Cuticle
outer walls, cutin, wax
36
Guard Cells
pair of cells that border the stomatal pores
37
Stomatal Pore
hole between the guard cells through which gases can pass
38
Hydrated Stomata
open
39
Dehydrated Stomata
close
40
Trichomes
hairs, protective
41
Cortex
closer to the surface, surrounds vascular bundles
42
Pith
center, not clear in monocots
43
Xylem
conducts water/minerals
44
Phloem
distributes sugars/minerals
45
Pit Membranes
water moves between tracheids
46
Sieve Cells
albuminous cells (gym)
47
Sieve Tubes
companion cells (ang)
48
Monocots
1 cotyledon, fibrous roots, scattered VB, parallel veins, central pith root
49
Dicots
2 cotyledons, taproot, donut VB, branching veins, central xylem root
50
Nodes
leave attachment points
51
Internodes
regions between nodes
52
Phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaves on stem
53
Alternate Phyllotaxy
one leaf attached to each node
54
Opposite Phyllotaxy
two leaves attached at each node
55
Whorled Phyllotaxy
three or more leaves attached at each node
56
Distichous Phyllotaxy
leaves in two rows when viewed from above
57
Decussate Phyllotaxy
leaves in four rows when viewed from above
58
Spiral Phyllotaxy
leaves form a spiral around stem
59
Stolons
long, thin internodes allowing dispersal of daughter plants (spider)
60
Bulbs
short shoots w/ thick, fleshy leaves, layers (onion)
61
Corms
vertical, thick stem with thin, papery leaves, no layers (taro)
62
Rhizomes
fleshy horizontal stems allow plant spread (ginger)
63
Tuber
horizontal growth, storing nutrients (potato)
64
Apical Meristem
retain their ability to divide, primary growth
65
Protoxylem
first xylem
66
Metaxylem
elongating cells, strong second wall
67
Wood
secondary xylem
68
Bark
secondary phloem and cork
69
Transverse
horizontal cut
70
Radial
Vertical cut
71
Sapwood
actively conducting water
72
Heartwood
not conducting
73
Ring Porous
clear difference between early and late wood
74
Diffuse Porous
no clear difference between early and late wood
75
Angiosperms
flowering, sieve tube members and companion cells
76
Gymnosperms
other seed bearing, sieve cells and albuminous cells
77
Palisade Parenchyma
Adaxial
78
Spongy Mesophyll
abaxial
79
Simple Leaf
one part blade
80
Compound Leaf
blade divided into several individual parts
81
Leaf Blade
flat, light-harvesting portion
82
Leaf Ventral
abaxial, lower
83
Leaf Dorsal
adaxial, upper
84
Petiole
leaf stalk that connects the laminate to the stem
85
Sessile
no petiole
86
Palmately Compound
all leaflets attached at the same point
87
Pinnately Compound
leaflets attached individually along the rachis
88
Bud Scales
small modified leaves that form a tight layer around the stem tip
89
Spines
modified leaves of axillary buds
90
Tendrils
object contact, coil, grow indefinitely
91
Plasmolysis
cells are flaccid
92
Adventitious Roots
do not arise on preexisting roots or from the radicle
93
Root Cap
closest to the root meristem is meristematic, constantly regenerating
94
Quiescent Center
mitotically inactive central region of the apical meristem
95
Zone of Elongation
enlargement, differentiation
96
Zone of Maturation
root hair origin, releases ions
97
Endodermis
innermost layer of cortical cells that differentiated into a cylinder
98
Casparian Strips
control the minerals that enter the xylem
99
Endodermal Cells
gatekeeper
100
Casparian Strip
the gate
101
Lateral Root
pericycle division to form a small root primordium
102
Storage Roots
long-term storage
103
Prop Roots
adventitious roots that can grow extensively through the air
104
Buttress Roots
tall, plate-like roots, tropical
105
Aerial Roots
orchids, epiphytic
106
Mycorrhizae
symbiotic associations between the roots of seed plants and soil fungi
107
Root Nodules
a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
108
Haustoria
roots of parasitic plants
109
Whitbark Pines
white pine blister rust
110
American Chestnut
Chestnut Blight
111
SPAC
Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum
112
Cavitation
the process
113
Embolism
the result
114
Air Seeding
vulnerability to cavitation
115
Sources
leaves, roots
116
Sinks
flowers, fruits, roots, growing leaves, apical meristems
117
Complete Flowers
sepal, petals, stamens, carpels
118
Incomplete Flower
lack at least one appendage
119
Sepal
outermost floral appendage
120
Petals
collectively the corolla
121
Perianth
sepals and petals
122
Stamens
collectively called the androecium, anther and filament
123
Carpels
stigma, style, ovary
124
Inferior Ovaries
fused bases
125
Superior Ovaries
ovary sits above
126
Intermediate Ovaries
partially buried
127
Imperfect Flowers
lack either stamens and carpels
128
Dioescious
individual plants produce only staminate flowers or carpellate flowers
129
Monoecy
conidtion of having stmainate flowers located on the same plant as the carpellate
130
Actinomorphic
radially symmetric flowers
131
Zygomorphic
coevolution with animals, bilateral
132
Inflorescence
smaller flowers with fewer ovules grouped together
