Flashcards in EUKARYOTIC CELLS AND ORGANELLES Deck (86)
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1
What is the ultrastructure of the cell
the internal structure of the cell that suits it for its job
2
What organelles are found within eukaryotic cells (11)
1) nucleus
2) mitochondria
3) chloroplast
4) endoplasmic reticulum
5) golgi apparatus
6) lysosomes
7) ribosomes
8) cell wall
9) vacuole
10) golgi vesicle
11) cell vacuole
3
What organisms are eukaryotic cells found in
animals, plants, fungi, algae
4
What organelle are found in animal cells (11 points)
1) plasma membrane
2) rough endoplasmic reticulum
3) nucleous
4) nucleus
5) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
6) lysosome
7) ribosome
8) golgi apparatus
9) cytoplam
10) nuclear envolope
11) mitochondria
5
What do plant cells have that animal cells dont
1) cellulose cell wall
2)plasmodesmata
3) vacuole
4) chloroplasts
6
What cells do algae cells have the same organelle as
plants
7
What are the differences between plant cells and fungal cells (2 points)
1) cell walls are made chitin
2) don't have chloroplasys as they dont photosynthesise
8
What does the nucleus do
contains the organisms hereditary material & controls the cells activities
9
What 5 parts does the nucleus contain
1) nuclear envolope
2) nuclear pores
3) nucleoplasm
4) chromosomes
5) nucleolus
10
What is the nuclear envelope
double membrane that surrounds the nucleous
11
What does the nuclear envelope do
controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus, contains the reactions taking place within
12
What do the nuclear pores allow
the passage of large molecules such as mRNA out of the nucleus
13
What is the nucleoplasm
granular, jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus
14
What do chromosomes consist of
protein-bound linear DNA
15
What is the nucleolus
small spherical region within the nucleoplasm
16
What does the nucleolus do
manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes
17
Is there more than 1 nucleolus in the nucleus
yes
18
What are the 3 functions of the nucleus
1) act as the control centre of the cell through production of mRNA and tRNA (so protein synthesis)
2) retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA and chromosomes
3) manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
19
What is the average size of the nucleus
10-20 um
20
What is the usual shape of mitochondria
rod-shaped
21
What is the average size of mitochondria
1-10 um
22
What structures are mitochondria made up of (3 points)
1) double membrane
2) cristae
3) matrix
23
What does the double membrane of the mitochondria control
the entry and exit of material
24
What does the inner of the membranes of the double membrane fold to make
extensions called cristae
25
What are cristae
extensions of the inner membrane
26
What does the cristae do
provide a large surface area for the attachment of enxymes and other proteins involved in respirations
27
What does the matrix contain (4 points)
1) protein
2) lipids
3) ribosomes
4) DNA
5) enzymes involved in respiration
28
What does the matrix allow for the control of
production of some of their own proteins
29
What is the function of mitochondria
the sites of respiration
30
