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Hematology Module 1 and 2 > Evaluation of Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Evaluation of Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male and female reference value for RBCs?

A

4-6 Million/Cumm

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2
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Retics?

A

.5 to 1.5%

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3
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Hemoglobin?

A

Male: 16 +/- 2 or 14-18 g/dL
Female: 14 +/- 2 or 12-16 g/dL

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4
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Microhematocrit?

A

Male: 42-54%
Female: 36-48%

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5
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

A

Male: 0-20mm
Female: 0-15mm

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6
Q

What is the formula for manual RBC count and VF? What are the dimensions of the whole square field and 25 inside one square?

A 
# of cells * Dilution Factor * Volume Factor = RBC count
VF = Length * Width * Depth
1 square = 1x1mm
1 of 25 inside = .2x.2mm
Depth = .1mm always
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7
Q

What type of stain is used in retic counts?

A

Supervital Stain

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8
Q

What are two common supervital stains?

A

New Methylene Blue

Brilliant Cresyl Blue

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9
Q

What form of hemoglobin cannot be measure by cyanmethemoglobin method?

A

Sulfhemoglobin

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10
Q

What are the 4 causes for elevated hemoglobin measurements?

A
  1. ) High WBC Count (>200,000)
  2. ) High Platelet Count (>700,000)
  3. ) Lipemia
  4. ) RBCs resistant to lysis
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11
Q

What is the rule of 3?

A

RBC * 3 ~ HGB

HGB * 3 = HCT +/- 3

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12
Q

What are the causes for hemoglobin and hematocrit not matching?

A
  1. ) High WBC
  2. ) High Platelets
  3. ) Lipemia
  4. ) Poik
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13
Q

How does under-centrifugation affect microhematocrit?

A

Increases

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14
Q

How does a decrease in blood volume (short draw) affect microhematocrit?

A

Decreases

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15
Q

How does a EDTA blood tube sitting out overnight at room temperature affect microhematocrit?

A

Increases

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16
Q

How does including the buffy coat affect microhematocrit?

A

Increases

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17
Q

What are the three stages and time lengths of Etythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).

A
  1. ) Rouleaux ~ 10 min
  2. ) Rapid Fall ~ 40 min
  3. ) Packing ~ 10 min
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18
Q

What plasma protein has the greatest impact on ESR?

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

How does placement next to a centrifuge affect ESR reading?

A

Increases

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20
Q

How does a decrease in blood volume (short draw) affect ESR reading?

A

Decreases

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21
Q

How does a EDTA blood tube sitting out overnight at room temperature affect ESR reading?

A

Decreases

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22
Q

How does the tube not being perpendicular affect ESR reading?

A

Increases

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23
Q

What is the formula and normal ranges for MCV?

A

HCT*10 / RBC

80-100 fL

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24
Q

What is the formula and normal ranges for MCH?

A

HGB*10 / RBC

27-31 pg

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25
What is the formula and normal ranges for MCHC?
HGB*100 / HCT | 32-36%
26
What is the normal ranges for RDW?
11.5-14.5%
27
How is a small lymphocyte used to determine the size of a red blood cell?
Red blood cells are the size of the nucleus of the lymph or 2/3 the whole lymph.
28
Describe anisocytosis
Varying sizes
29
Describe poikilocytosis
Varying morphologies
30
Describe hypochromia
less color
31
Describe polychromasia
Many colors
32
Describe microcytosis
Smaller
33
Describe Macrocytosis
Larger
34
Describe Acanthocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Cell fragments "Spur Cells" | Abetalipoproteinemia
35
Describe Blister cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Have a blister, and condition with inclusion bodies and a healthy spleen
36
Describe Burr cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Uniform, and evenly spaced bumps on edge, Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
37
Describe crenation and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Crumbled, always a drying artifact, may be electrolyte imbalance.
38
Describe elliptocytes cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
elongated cigar shaped, Hereditary elliptocytosis
39
Describe Hemoglobin C crystals and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Bars of gold, Homozygous C disease
40
Describe Hemoglobin S-C crystals and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Glove or mitten, Jut out of cell, hemoglobin SC disease
41
Describe Macrocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
large Round cells, liver disease or Reticulocytosis
42
Describe macro ovalocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
oval shaped, megaloblastic anemia (B12 and folate deficiency)
43
Describe autoagglutination and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
clumped cells, autoimmune hemolytic anemias
44
Describe Rouleaux and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Coining up, Multiple myeloma
45
Describe Schistocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
cell fragments, Burn patients DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
46
Describe sickle cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Crescent/moon shaped, Sickle cell anemia
47
Describe Spherocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Round and no central pallor, hereditary spherocytosis
48
Describe stomatocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Mouth shaped, Rh Null disease(defect in Na/K pump)
49
Describe target cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
target, hemoglobinapathies, Thalassemias
50
Describe teardrop cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Teardrop, Tumor in bone marrow
51
Describe mixed cell population and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Mixed, Transfusion or Sideroblastic anemia
52
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated basophilic stippling.
Evenly spread out, no clumps; RNA, Thalassemia
53
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated Howell-Jolly bodies.
Very Round point, DNA remnants, Sickle Cell Anemia or Megaloblastic anemia
54
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated pappenhemier bodies.
Granules, basophilic RNA, non-heme iorn
55
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with Heinz bodies.
Only seen on supervital stain, external clumps, ppt. HGB, Thalassemia and G-6-PD deficiency
56
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with Cabot rings.
Very faint spindle looking remnants, mitotic spindle remant, pernicious anemia or lead poisoning
57
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with plasmodium (malarial parasites).
Very faint ring/halo with dots
58
Define Siderotic granules.
Contain iron
59
Define RPI.
Reticulocyte Production index
60
Define RDW
Red Cell Distribution Width
61
What three morphologies can be artificially made?
Crenation, Rouleaux and teardrops

Hematology Module 1 and 2 (9 decks)

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