everything Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
2 conditions for static equilibrium
A
an object at rest or motion will remain like that unless acted on by an external force
2
Q
newton’s second law
A
the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
f=m x a
3
Q
Newton’s Third Law
A
when two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction.
4
Q
Newton’s First Law
A
an object at rest or motion will remain like that unless acted on by an external force
5
Q
mechanically unloaded component
A
the physical stress on the component or mechanical system
6
Q
tensile force
A
forces stretching the object
7
Q
compressive force
A
forces that result in compression or squeezing of the object
8
Q
sheer load
A
2 objects pulling in an opposite direction
9
Q
bending force
A
a combination of push (compression) and pull (tension) forces that results in a temporary curving change in the shape of some structures
10
Q
torsional force
A
a twisting force
11
Q
tensile stress (equasion)
A
force/area
12
Q
strain
A
how much the material is stretching or compressing. change in length/ original length
13
Q
elastic modulus
A
a measure of the stiffness of a material; the higher the elastic modulus the stiffer the material. stress/strain
14
Q
factor of safety
A
The ratio of actual strength to required strength.
15
Q
Sine rule
A
a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC
16
Q
Cosine rule
A
a² = b² + c² - 2bcCosA
17
Q
Reliability of Material
A
how often it can be used without breaking
18
Q
Ideal Gas Law
A
PV=nRT
19
Q
Radians
A
the SI unit of measurement of the size of an angle. A complete circle is 2π radians. 1 radian =57.296 degrees
20
Q
uniformly distributed load
A
A load that is applied evenly over an area.
21
Q
Parallelogram equation
A
base x perpendicular height
22
Q
Trapezium equation
A
(base+ top) /2 x perpendicular height
23
Q
Equation for potential difference
A
Potential difference = current x resistance
24
Q
series circuit
A
An electric circuit with a single path
current is the same all over
potential difference is shared
25
parallel circuit
A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow.
potential difference is the same
current is shared
26
Capacitance equation
C=Q/V
capacitance= charge/potential difference
27
single sheer equation
force/area
28
double sheer equation
f/(area x 2)
29
Suvat equation without acceleration
S=(( u+v) /2) x t
30
suvat equation without velocity
s=ut+ (1/2 at^2)
31
suvat equation without displacement
v = u + at
32
v = u + at
v² = u² + 2as
33
Smart materials
Materials which change in response to their surroundings, such as light levels or temperature.
34
Thermochromic
hot and cold temperatures trigger a change in colour in special thermochromic dyes
35
Pizeoelectric Materials
if subjected to movement or stress it produces electricity
36
piezoelectric transducer
Using a thin layer of piezoelectric material, small transducers vibrate when an electrical signal is sent through the contacts
37
Photochromic pigments
A smart material which changes colour in response to a change in light e.g. sunglasses which tint in sunlight
38
Electro-rheostatic material
A smart material as a fluid that can undergo dramatic changes in their viscosity. They can change from a thick fluid to a solid in a fraction of a second when exposed to an electric field, and the effect is reversed when the field is removed.
39
Magneto-rheostatic
This smart property relates to a fluid that can undergo a dramatic change in its viscosity when exposed to a magnetic field.
40
Shape memory alloys
Smart material, has the reactive capacity to change shape when heated
Nitinol = smart wire which changes length when heat is applied (braces, spectacle frames)
41
litmus paper
(also, pH paper) filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes so it can be used as a pH indicator
42
Self-healing polymers
These react to stress fractures, where a microcapsule of liquid resin breaks. The resin is released and then hardens to heal the damage. E.g. concrete, cutting mats.
43
self-healing concrete
A kind of concrete that contains limestone-producing bacteria which fill in cracks as they form.
44
Three phase motor
An induction type of motor that has a very high starting torque and requires no special starting apparatus. simplest and most trouble free and operates on three phase current. reversible, high starting torque, very efficient, no starting mechanism, no commutator or brushes so low maintenance uses expensive to distribute current .
45
three-phase current
current comprised of three currents phased 120° apart
46
value-added activities
activities for which the customer is willing to pay because these activities add value to the final product or service
47
Non-Value-Added Activities
activities that neither enhance the customer's image of the product or service nor provide a competitive advantage; also known as waste activities
48
non value added but essential activities
activities that do not add direct value from the customers perspective but are necessary for the business to operate efficiently and comply with regulations
49
eight wastes
transportation
inventory
motion
waiting
overproduction
over processing
defects
skills
(tim woods)
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transportation ( eight wastes)
waste in transportation including movement of people, tools, inventory or products further than necessary
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inventory ( eight wastes)
Having more inventory than necessary to sustain a steady flow can cause overproducing work in process (WIP)
52
motion ( eight wastes)
the waste includes any unnecessary movement of people or machinery. This can include walking, lifting, bending or moving.
53
waiting ( eight wastes)
people waiting on material, idle equipment. waiting is often caused by unevenness in the production stations and can result in excessive inventory and overproduction
54
overproduction ( eight wastes)
Producing too many products. To prevent this the'Just in time' philosophy is used. rather than the 'just in case' as this can prevent smooth flow of work, high storage cost and excess lead time
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over processing ( eight wastes)
doing more work, adding more components or having more steps in a product or service than what is required by the customer
56
defects ( eight wastes)
defects occur when the product isn't fit for use. the product has to be either reworked or scrapped which are both wasteful.
57
the 8th waste
the waste of human potential. this occurs in hen organisations speeded the roles of management from employees. By not engaging the front line workers knowledge it's difficult to improve a process. the people doing the work are the ones immediately capable of identifying problems and developing solutions.
58
Engineering Ceramics
Used in electronics and aerospace industries. As their ability to perform under extreme conditions is great. The are made from inorganic compounds.
59
oxide ceramics
Ceramics primarily composed of metal oxides. They are known for their high strength, thermal resistance and chemical stability.
60
Alumina
Alumina(oxide ceramic) : widely used due to its high hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability, applications include electrical insulators, cutting tools and biomedical implants
61
Zirconia
Zirconia( oxide ceramic) corrosion resistant, bio-compatible material, similar to titanium; used for implants
62
Magnesia
magnesia( oxide ceramic) offers high thermal conductivity and resistance to chemical attack. Used in refractories and thermal insulation
63
non-oxide ceramics
contains no oxygen in its chemical composition
64
Carbide
A very hard material made of carbon and one or more heavy metals.
65
silicon carbide
extremely hard and thermally conductive, used in abrasives and high temperature gas turbines
66
boron carbide
A relatively lightweight but very hard material that is commonly used for ballistic Armor.
67
boron nitride
exists in multiple forms ,Provides lubricity and a silky feel to skin or used in cutting tools
68
Composite Ceramics
ceramic matrix composite: combining ceramic fibres with a ceramic matrix to enhance properties, used in aerospace
particulate composite: incorporating ceramic particles into a metal or polymer matrix
69
Glass Ceramics
combing glass and ceramics, formed by controlled crystallisation of glass
70
crystallised glass
formed by controller crystallisation of glass which gives properties of both glasses and ceramics
71
Advanced Ceramics
new generation of ceramics with improved strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal shock properties; also called engineering or structural ceramics.
72
ceramic forms of supply
powder, fibres, ceramic coatings, shaped components
73
why are commercial contracts important
essential for agreements in UK engineering and manufacturing.
Define rights and responsibilities for goods and services.
critical for minimising risks
74
what is a legally binding contract
an agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law
75
what must a legally binding contact contain
an offer
acceptance
consideration
mutual consent
lawful purpose
76
what is the second party
the individual which accepts the contact made by the first party
76
what is a first party
the individual or entity that initiates the contract
77
What is a third party?
Any individual or entity that is not directly involved in the contract but may be affected by the terms or outcomes
78
what's a warranty
assurances provided by one party regarding the quality or performance of the goods or services
79
Majeure Clause
Addresses unforeseen events that prevent a party from fulfilling their contractual obligations.
These may include natural disasters, war, or other extraordinary circumstances that prevent a party from fulfilling their contractual obligations.
These may include natural disasters, war, or other extraordinary circumstances
80
Indemnity clauses
Indemnity clauses are provisions that require one party to compensate the other for certain damages or losses incurred.
81
Breach of contract
Breach of contract occurs when one party fails to fulfil their obligations as outlined in the agreement
82
Continuous professional development (CPD)
refers to the ongoing process of acquiring new skills, knowledge, and competencies throughout one's career.
83
Statistical process control (SPC)
Statistical process control is a quality control methodology that employs statistical techniques to analyse and improve processes
84
how many farads are equal to 1 coulomb per volt
1
85
Equation for capacitance
C=Q/V
86
What is a three-phase power supply?
A three-phase power supply consists of three alternating currents (phases), each 120 degrees out of phase with one another.
87
What are the main parts of a three-phase motor?
The main parts are the stator (stationary part) and the rotor (rotating part).
88
How does the stator create movement in a three-phase motor?
The stator's three sets of coils generate a rotating magnetic field when powered by three-phase current.
89
How does the rotor move in a three-phase motor?
The rotating magnetic field induces current in the rotor, creating a magnetic field that interacts with the stator's field, causing the rotor to spin.
90
What is an induction motor?
An induction motor is an electric motor where the rotor is induced by the stator's rotating magnetic field, without direct electrical connection to the power supply.
91
Q: How does an induction motor generate torque?
The stator creates a rotating magnetic field, which induces a current in the rotor. The interaction between the rotor's magnetic field and the stator's field generates torque, causing the rotor to turn.
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