Evolution

Question 1

A modified structure seen among different groups of descendants

Answer 1

Analogous structure

Question 2

Exemplified by forelimbs of bats, penguins, lizards, and birds

Answer 2

Homologous structure

Question 3

The forelimbs of flightless birds

Answer 3

Vestigial structure

Question 4

DNA and RNA comparisons may lead to evolutionary trees

Answer 4

Genetic comparisons

Question 5

Birds and Butterfly wings have the same function but different structures

Answer 5

analogous structures

Question 6

A body structure reduced in function but may have been used in an ancestor

Answer 6

Analogous structure

Question 7

(A) Ink of octopus

Answer 7

Behavioral

Question 8

(A) Hummingbirds long bill

Answer 8

Structural

Question 9

(A) Honeybee’s dance

Answer 9

Behavioral

Question 10

(A) migration of geese

Answer 10

Behavioral

Question 11

(A) plant stems growing towards light

Answer 11

Physciological

Question 12

(A) Proteins in spider’s web

Answer 12

Physciological

Question 13

(A) Gila monsters venom

Answer 13

Physciological

Question 14

(A) efficiency of birds lungs in high altitudes

Answer 14

Structural

Question 15

(A) Bird’s song

Answer 15

Behavioral

Question 16

The hardy Weinberg Principle

Answer 16

1. Large population
2. No mutations
3. random mating
4. no movement
5. no natural selection

Question 17

The more individuals in a population, the smaller effect of genetic drift

Answer 17

Large population

Question 18

No changes to genes means new alleles are not introduced into the population’s gene pool

Answer 18

No mutations

Question 19

Each individual in a population has the same chance of passing on its alleles

Answer 19

Random mating

Question 20

No new alleles are introduced into the population’s gene pool by new individuals

Answer 20

No movement

Question 21

No phenotype can have a selective advantage over another- all individuals have equal fitness

Answer 21

No natural selection

Question 22

H-W equalibrium

Answer 22

1. occurs when population is not evolving
2. allele frequencies are constant from one generation to the next
3. occurs when a population meets 5 conditions

Question 23

What conditions can alter the H-W principle of equalibrium

Answer 23

1. Mutations happen
2. Gene flow
3. Select mating
4. Small population
5. A mode of selection

Question 24

Mode of selection

Answer 24

Any selection for or against alleles will alter their frequencies in a population

Question 25

Adaptation

Answer 25

1. Characteristics that give an organism a better chance of survival 2. Special traits that help living organisms survive in a particular environment.

Question 26

Reasons for Adaptation

Answer 26

1. To suit their habitat 2. For protection 3. For attack 4. For feeding 5. For movement

Question 27

Structural Adaptation

Answer 27

external characteristics

Question 28

Behavioral Adaptation

Answer 28

differing ways of reacting to the environment

Question 29

Physiological Adaptation

Answer 29

internal characteristics

Question 30

Gene pool

Answer 30

total genetic information available to a population of organisms

Question 31

Allele frequency

Answer 31

number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool

Question 32

Species

Answer 32

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring - example of gene pool

Question 33

Natural selection on single gene traits

Answer 33

can lead to changes in allele frequencies and, thus, to change in phenotype frequencies

Question 34

Natural selection on polygenic gene traits

Answer 34

can affect the relative fitness of phenotypes and thus produce three types of selection

Question 35

Stabalizing selection

Answer 35

when natural selection chooses the average form of a trait as most fit.

Question 36

Directional selection

Answer 36

when natural selection chooses an extreme form of a trait as most fit.

Question 37

Disruptive selection

Answer 37

when natural selection chooses both extreme forms of a trait as most fit. Could cause two different species

Question 38

Gene flow

Answer 38

Migration of organisms from one population to the next increases the genetic variation of the population

Question 39

founder effect

Answer 39

a few individuals from a population start a new population with a different allele frequency than the original

Question 40

Genetic drift

Answer 40

A change in the gene pool of a population

Question 41

Genetic Bottlenecks

Answer 41

1. some disaster wipes out the majority of a population 2. By chance, the survivors may only represent a certain part of the old gene pool 3. This population will have a different makeup than the original population

Question 42

over reproduce

Answer 42

Predators eat the runts so the animal needs to overpopulate to ensure the population stays the same

Question 43

Variation

Answer 43

There is variation among individuals of the same species

Question 44

Darwin's Adaptation

Answer 44

The ones with the advantages will out compete the others and live to reproduce and pass on their advantage to their offspring.

Question 45

Survival of the fittest

Answer 45

Because more organisms are produced that can survive, they must compete

Question 46

Natural Selection

Answer 46

Organisms with variations most suited to their environment survive and leave more offspring

Question 47

Principle of common descent

Answer 47

All species living and extinct are descended from ancient common ancestors all living things are linked

Question 48

There is a heterozygous advantage to being a carrier of sickle cell anemia

Answer 48

Stabalizing

Question 49

Brown fur is (p) dominant over white fur (q). White mice are more easily seen by predators

Answer 49

Directional

Question 50

What is meant by "Natural Selection"

Answer 50

1. The survival of the fittest 2. The organism with the best traits will live the longest 3. Adaptation 4. able to interbreed and have viable offspring 5. variation

Question 51

Does natural selection act upon an organism's genotype or phenotype in a population

Answer 51

Genotype (makes you the way you look and gene pools and allele frequencies are changing)

Question 52

What was Darwin's first observation when he traveled to the Galapagos that made him begin to think about the world around him

Answer 52

The species on each island. The sizes and shapes of the beaks on the finches were different. Connections w/ ancestors and lving organisms

Question 53

What conclusions can be drawn based on the evidence of the Fossil Record

Answer 53

1. provide a record of species 2. shown records of evolution 3. shows ancestory

Question 54

What evidence for change over time exists int the study of BioGeography

Answer 54

The location where we find animals and plants

Question 55

What evidence for change over time exists in the knowledge of Vestigial Structures

Answer 55

1. certain structures that we don't use anymore | 2. shows evolution

Question 56

What evidence for change over time exists in the knowledge of homologous structures

Answer 56

They all came from the same ancestors because they have similar structures

Question 57

What evidence for change over time exists when comparing biomolecules

Answer 57

1. compare blood samples of organism to get DNA sample to see if these animals are related

Question 58

refers to the situation where different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding

Answer 58

reproductive isolation

Question 59

The black birds mating call is odd compared to the red bird so they wont mate

Answer 59

Behavioral isolation

Question 60

There is a mountain between the two species

Answer 60

Geographical isolation

Question 61

it keeps individuals of different species from interbreeding, even if they live in the same environment fall cricket v spring cricket

Answer 61

Temporal isolation

Question 62

artificial selection

Answer 62

s the intentional breeding of plants or animals