Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DAT Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Microevolution

A

Change in allele frequencies in populations over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Macroevolution

A

Major evolutionary change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

Selects for common phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Directional Selection

A

Favours a trait at one extreme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Favours two extremes. Selects against common phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sexual Selection

A

Preference of characteristics by one sex in individuals of the other sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Artificial selection

A

Selection by humans. Not natural. (dog breeding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sources of variation

A

Mutations, meiosis, diploidy, outbreeding, polymorphism (heterozygote advantage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Frequency dependent selection

A

Selects for the least common phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hybrid vigour

A

A heterozygous hybrid offspring is more advantageous than its homozygous parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gene flow

A

Due to the flow of individuals in and out of populations. Individuals can enter or leave populations, carrying alleles with them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Random changes in alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Founder Effect

A

A group migrates to a new place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bottleneck Effect

A

A population is suddenly decreased in size due to a natural disaster, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HW Equation

A

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HW Assumptions

A 
No evolution:
No natural selection
No mutation
No gene flow
No genetic drift
Random mating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

Evolution from a common ancestor. Results in homologous structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

Two species exhibit similar traits despite sharing no common ancestor. Exhibit analogous structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parallel Evolution

A

Two species diverge from a single common ancestor and then evolve in similar ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coevolution

A

Both predator and prey evolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Macroevolution: Phyletic Gradualism

A

Gradual small-changes : evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macroevolution: Punctuated EQ

A

Long period of no evolution interspersed with short period of rapid evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of prezygotic reproductive barriers

A

Habitat, temporal, behavioural, mechanical, gametic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of post zygotic reproductive barriers

A 
Hybrid inviability (zygote doesn't properly develop)
Hybrid sterility (hybrid can't reproduce)
Hybrid breakdown (hybrid has reduced fertility)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Allopatric Speciation
A geographic barrier results in the divergence of two species
26
Sympatric Speciation
Formation of new species without a geographic barrier
27
Types of Clades
Paraphyletic, Monophyletic, Polyphyletic
28
Polytomy
A branch on a cladistics tree that has three or more species coming off of it. Don't have enough information to determine exact times of speciation.
29
Ecology
Relation of organisms to each other and their surroundings
30
Population
Group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
31
Community
Group of populations living in the same area
32
Ecosystem
A community of interacting organisms and their environment
33
Biosphere
Any region of the world with living organisms
34
Habitat
Place where a certain organism usually lives
35
Types of dispersion patterns
Clumped, uniform, random
36
Population size
Number of individuals within population
37
Population density
Number of individuals per unit of area or volume
38
Age Structure
Describes the age of individuals of a population
39
Survivorship Curve Types
``` Type I (higher rate of death among old: ex humans) Type II (constant mortality rate throughout the lifecycle of an organism. ex squirrels) Type III (high mortality rate among young members of population) ```
40
Biotic Potential
Max growth rate of a species under perfectly ideal conditions
41
Carrying capacity
Max number of individuals of a population that can be supported by their habitat
42
Density Dependent limiting factors
Act as population is large in size
43
Density independent limiting factors
Act regardless of population size (example: natural disasters)
44
Intrinsic Rate of Growth
Maximum growth rate of a population
45
Exponential Growth
Occurs when there is more reproduction than mortality in a population
46
Logistic Growth
Occurs when there is a carrying capacity (K) acting on a population
47
Types of animal behaviour
Innate and Learned
48
Innate animal behaviour
Molded by evolution. These behaviours increase the fitness of the animal.
49
Learned animal behaviour
Behaviours acquired by experiences/environment
50
Instinct
Inherited (genetic) behaviour. Example: in mammals, mother cares for children
51
Fixed action pattern
Inherited behaviour by animals due to a sign stimulus
52
Imprinted behaviour
A behaviour is "imprinted" on an animal during a specific phase in their lifetime, and in that phase ONLY (ex. salmon return to their birthplace to mate. their birthplace is thus imprinted on them at their birth)
53
Associated Learning
when an animal learns that two or more events are connected/associated
54
Classical conditioning
When an animal is conditioned to respond to substitute stimulus, as opposed to normal stimulus (see Nicole's notes)
55
Trial and Error (Operant Conditioning) learning
Animal connects its behaviour to a sort of response it receives
56
Spatial Learning
An animal connects to a specific location
57
Habituation
Learned behaviour that allows an animal to disregard meaningless stimuli
58
Observational Learning
When an animal observes and copies another animal's behaviour
59
Insight
An animal learns a new behaviour that will have a positive outcome
60
Types of animal movement
Kinesis, taxis, migration
61
Kinesis
Undirected movement in response to a stimuli
62
Taxis
Directed movement in response to a stimuli
63
Migration
Long distance, seasonal movement by animals
64
Types of animal communication
Chemical, audial, visual, tactile
65
Chemical communication
Animals use pheromones to communicate chemically
66
Releaser pheromones
Chemicals that cause immediate and specific changes in behaviour
67
Primer pheromones
Cause physiological changes
68
Foraging behaviours
Animals want to maximize feeding while using minimal energy to obtain food. They will pack together and associate certain colours with foods to achieve this.
69
Agonistic behaviour
Aggression and hostile behaviours. Comes from competition for food.
70
Dominance hierarchies
Hierarchies established within population limits competition for food and mates.
71
Territoriality
Animals defend their territory
72
Altruistic Behaviour
When animals risk their safety to protect other animals. Increases fitness of animal and their relatives.
73
Kin selection
Favours reproductive success of an animals relative's, even at cost to the animal's own reproductive success and safety

DAT Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions