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Origin of Life Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Composition of Early Earth Atmosphere

A

No free O2. CO, CO2, H2O, HS, CH4, NH3

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2
Q

What type of environment was early earth?

A

Reducing Environment

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3
Q

Oparine-Haldine

A

Reducing environment of earth led to monomers

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4
Q

Miller Urey

A

Simulated early earth environment. Synthesized NH3, CH4, H2O, and H2

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5
Q

RNA World Hhypothesis

A

RNA first life form

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6
Q

Metabolism-First Hypothesis

A

Metabolic network first life form

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7
Q

Order of life’s beginning

A

Inorganic molecules, organic molecules, proteinoids, protocells

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8
Q

Heterotroph

A

Can’t make own food

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9
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes own food

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10
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Autotroph that released O2 as a byproduct, causing formation of ozone layer

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11
Q

Characteristics of Archae

A

Prokaryotic, branched hydrocarbon tails, packaged DNA, immune to antibiotics, cell walls made of polysaccharides

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12
Q

Methanogens

A

Archaea. Obligate anaerobes.

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13
Q

Extremophiles

A

Live in harsh conditions

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14
Q

Halophiles

A

Live in high salt concentrations

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15
Q

Thermophiles

A

Live in hot conditions

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16
Q

Characteristics of Bacteria

A

peptidoglycan cell wall. naked DNA.

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17
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A

Cocci (sphere) Bacilli (rods) spirilla (spirals)

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18
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Lots of peptidoglycan in cell wall. Stains purple

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19
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Little peptidoglycan. Stains pink

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20
Q

Groups of bacteria

A

Cyano, spirochetes, nitrogen fixing, Nitrifying bacteria

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21
Q

Plant-like protists

A

Euglenoids, diatoms, dinoflagellates, brown algae, rhodophyta, chlorophyta

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22
Q

Euglenoids

A

Flagella, pellicle that maintains cell shape, eyespot that allows for phototaxis, can become heterotrophic in absence of light

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23
Q

Dinflagellates

A

Two flagella, can be bioluminescent, contain neurotoxins

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24
Q

Diatoms

A

Unicellular, have hard silica shells

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25
Brown algae
Seaweed
26
Rhodophyta
Contain red pigments
27
Chlorophyta
Green algae. Vary in sexuality
28
Animal-like Protists
Rhizopodia, Forams, apicomplexans, cellular slime molds, plasmodial slime molds, oomycetes
29
Rhizopodia
Single celled amoebas with pseudopodia
30
Forams
Have shells made of calcium carbonate
31
apicomplexans
apicoplast,
32
Ciliates
Cilia for movement
33
Plasmodial slime molds
Big mass
34
Cellular slime molds
Aggregate together stimulated by cAMP
35
Oomycetes
Have hyphae, no septa, coenycotic (multiple nuclei per cell)
36
What does cenocytic mean?
Multiple nuclei per cell. Due to lack of septa
37
Sexual Reproduction in Fungi
Haploid cells fuse in plasmogamy to become a dikaryon. Karyogamy undergoes to fuse the two haploid cells into a single diploid nuclei. Meiosis happens and then new haploid cells are produced.
38
Methods of asexual reproduction in fungi
Fragmentation, budding, spores
39
Sporangiospores
Spores in capsules. End of sporangiophores.
40
Conidia
Not in capsules at the end of conidiaphores
41
Types of fungi
Zygomycota, basidiomycota, dueteromycota, glomermycota, lichens
42
Zygomycota
Asexual via zygospores
43
Deuteromycota
Penicillin
44
Ascomycota
Sexual via ascospores
45
Basidiomycota
Sexual via basidiospores
46
Lichens
Relationship with trees
47
Glomeromycota
Act in mycorrhizae, a beneficial relationship between fungi and plant roots
48
Mycorrhizae
Beneficial relationship between plant roots and fungi
49
Porifera
No true tissue, acoelemate, asymmetrical, asexual
50
What does parazoan mean?
No true tissues
51
What does eumatozoan mean?
Has true tissues
52
Cnidaria,
Eumatozoan, sexual and asexual, acoelemate
53
Platyhelminthes
Eumatozoan, triploblast (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) acoelem
54
Nematoda
Bilateral, psuedocoelem,
55
Rotifera
Triploblast, psuedocoelem
56
Artropod
Exoskeleton, protosomes
57
Chordata features
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits, tail
58
Echinodermate
Deuterosomes, coelem, radial
59
Annelida
Protosome, coelem
60
Invertebrates
No vertebrae
61
Mammals secrete?
Urea
62
Other vertebrates Secrete?
Uric acid
63
Types of plant tissue
Ground, dermal, vascular
64
Ground tissues
Sclerenchyma (thick mechanical support) collenchyma (thin mech support) parenchyma (thin photosyntehsis)
65
Dermal tissues
Epidermal layer (secretes waxy cuticle) guard cells (surround stomata)
66
Xylem
Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
67
Phloem
Transports sugars from leaves to roots
68
Parts of leaves
Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyl, vascular bundles, lower epidermis, spongy mesophyll
69
Parts of root
Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, casparian fatty strip
70
Parts of root
Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, casparian fatty strip, vascular cylinder
71
Components of Pistil
Ovary (contains gametophytes) Style (connects ovary and stigma) Stigma (collects pollen)
72
Parts of stamen
Anther (produces pollen) Filament (stalk of tissue connecting stamen to flower)
73
Sepals
protects and encloses flower
74
Petals
Attracts pollinators
75
Receptacle
Connects flower to stem
76
Angiosperm fertilization
Firstly, ovule forms embryo sac. Pollination occurs and pollen tube grows down the style to the ovule. Pollen tube enters embryo sac. One sperm fertilizes egg making diploid zygote. Other sperm fertilizes polar nuclei, making triploid nucleus that divides to form the nourishing endosperm.
77
Other name for coniferophyta
Gymnosperms
78
Coniferophyta seeds have one inner seed leaf, meaning they are?
Monocots
79
Bryophyta
Mosses
80
Lycophyta
Club mosses
81
Coniferophyta
Conifers
82
Anthrophyta
Flowering plants
83
Pterophyta
Ferns
84
Parenchyma
Ground tissue of plants where photosynthesis occurs
85
Sclerenchyma
Ground tissue of plants that provides stiff support
86
Collenchyma
Ground tissue of plants that provides flexible support
87
Epidermal Tissue plants
Has waxy cuticle which prevents desiccation (drying out)
88
Guard cells
Guard stomata in cell, prevent excessive water loss
89
Function of seed coat
Prevents embryo from drying out
90
What does epicotyl of seed become?
Shoot tip
91
What does hypocotyl become?
Young shoot
92
What does radicle become?
Root
93
Coleoptile
Surrounds and protects epicotyl
94
Plumule
Young leaves attached to epicotyl

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