Evolution/Ecology Test

Question 1

What are some exceptions to speciation and why?

Answer 1

Dogs and wolves because they can mate, same with horse and donkies, they make a mule. The mules are not fertile though.

Question 2

What are some reasons speciation occurs?

Answer 2

Geographic or reproductive isolation.

Question 3

What is gradualism?

Answer 3

The idea that speciation occurs at a regular, gradual rate.

Question 4

What is puncuated equilibrium?

Answer 4

The idea that “bursts” of evolution can occur. Something may take thousands instead of millions of years.

Question 5

What is sexual selection?

Answer 5

Where mating is not random in certain groups, when organisms with certain characteristics are more often selected as mates.

Question 6

What is genetic drift?

Answer 6

Genetic drift provides random changes in the occurrence of genes through random events.

Question 7

When does genetic drift take place?

Answer 7

When a few individuals of a population break off from the original group and start their own population.

Question 8

What is another name for genetic drift?

Answer 8

The founder effect.

Question 9

What is coevolution?

Answer 9

When two or more species have evolved adaptions to each other’s influence.

Question 10

What is an example of coevolution?

Answer 10

An animal evolving to avoid being eaten.

Question 11

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 11

When the environment selects certain characteristics in animals.

Question 12

Whay is divergent evolution?

Answer 12

When two or more related populations become more and more different.

Question 13

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 13

Related species evolving from a single ancestral species.

Question 14

What is gene pool?

Answer 14

The total genetic information available in a population.

Question 15

What is gene frequency?

Answer 15

The percentage of particular genes within a gene pool.

Question 16

What is the hardy-weinburg genetic equilibrium?

Answer 16

Both scientists showed that genotype frequencies in a population tend to remain the same unless acted upon outside forces.

Question 17

What is the failure of the hardy-weinberg law?

Answer 17

It is a sign that evolution is occurring.

Question 18

What is emmigration?

Answer 18

The movement of organisms out of a group.

Question 19

What is immigration?

Answer 19

The movement of organisms into a group.

Question 20

What is speciation?

Answer 20

The creation of new species.

Question 21

What is evolution?

Answer 21

An orderly succession of changes.

Question 22

What is biological evolution?

Answer 22

The change of populations of organisms over generations.

Question 23

What is an acquired trait?

Answer 23

A trait that is no determined by genes and arises during lifetime as a result of an organisms experience or behavior.

Question 24

What was Lemarck’s theory?

Answer 24

That acquired traits were passed onto offspring.

Question 25

What is natural selection?

Answer 25

The fact that organsisms best suited for their environment reproduce more successfully than others.

Question 26

What was darwins theory?

Answer 26

Darwin proposed a hypothesis that species were modified by natural selection.

Question 27

What is descent with modification?

Answer 27

A theory of darwins that newer forms in the fossil record are modified descendents of older species.

Question 28

What are transitional species?

Answer 28

A species which features that are intermediate between those of hypothesized ancestors and later descendant species.

Question 29

What were darwins two main theories?

Answer 29

1. Descent with modification | 2. Fossils of transitional species show evidence

Question 30

What if the theory of modification by natural selection?

Answer 30

* States how evolution occurs * Environment affects organisms * If a trait is beneficial and inhertied, it will be passed on * Organisms adapt to their environment as favorable genes are passed through generations * A single organisms contribution to the next generation is called fitness and produces more offspring

Question 31

What is the principle of superposition?

Answer 31

If layers of rock go undisturbed, the lower layers of rock are older than the top layers.

Question 32

What is relative age?

Answer 32

Age of a fossil compared to the age of other fossils.

Question 33

What is absolute age?

Answer 33

The numeric age of an object or event.

Question 34

What is biogeography?

Answer 34

The study of geographical distribution of fossils and living organisms.

Question 35

What is adaptation?

Answer 35

An inherited trait that improves chance of survival and reproduction.

Question 36

What is the evidence of evolution?

Answer 36

* Structural adaptations * Mimicry * Camoflouge * Physiological adaptations

Question 37

What are homologous structures?

Answer 37

Structures that result from modifications

Question 38

What are analogous structures?

Answer 38

Structures thay have evolved tk serve the same function but have different embryonic developmemt.

Question 39

What are vestigial structures?

Answer 39

Structures that seem to serve no useful function.

Question 40

How do fossils serve as evidence for evolution?

Answer 40

We can hae fossils so see what organisms from the past look like and conpare them from different points in time and see that they have evolved.

Question 41

What is use/disuse in lemarcks theory?

Answer 41

If an organism uses a part of its body enough, it will develop/evolve, vice versa with not using it.

Question 42

Conditions to maintain equilibrium?

Answer 42

1. No mutations occur 2. No individuals leave a population 3. The population is large 4. Individuals mate randomly 5. Natural selection does not occur