Mitosis

Question 1

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 1

The division of the cytoplasm of the cell after mitosis or meiosis.

Question 2

What are somatic cells?

Answer 2

Cells of the body. They are diploids.

Question 3

What are diploids?

Answer 3

Used to describe cells in which each cell has two chromosomes of each type, they are in pairs.

Question 4

What is the symbol used to describe diploids?

Answer 4

2N

Question 5

What are gametes?

Answer 5

Egg and sperm cells. They are haploids.

Question 6

What is a haploid?

Answer 6

Used to describe cells that have only one of each type of chromosome.

Question 7

What is the symbol used to describe haploids?

Answer 7

1N.

Question 8

What does mitosis produce?

Answer 8

Two daughter cells.

Question 9

If a daughter cell has 2 chromosomes, how many does the oarent cell and the other daughter cell have?

Answer 9

The other daughter and the parent cell have 2 chromosomes.

Question 10

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 10

Identical chromatids bound together at the center by centromeres.

Question 11

How are sister chromatids produced?

Answer 11

Through DNA replication.

Question 12

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 12

Chromosomes bound together by a centromere that have different versions of the same genes.

Question 13

Where do homologous chromosomes come from and how are they produced?

Answer 13

One comes from mom and one comes from dad. They are a product of DNA replication

Question 14

What is a homologous pair?

Answer 14

A pair of chomosomes that code for the same traits, but each member of the pair has different info.

Question 15

What are the order of the phases of mitosis?

Answer 15

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
   REPEAT

Question 16

What happens in interphase during mitosis?

Answer 16

• DNA replication
• Centrioles replicate and become visible
• Cell carries out life processes and spends most of its life in this phase.

Question 17

What happens during prophase during mitosis?

Answer 17

• Chromatin condenses and becomes visible as sister chromatids(chromosomes)
• Centrioles move towards poles
• Asters and Spindles form
• Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 18

What happens during metaphase in mitosis?

Answer 18

• Centrioles are at opposite sides(poles)
• Chromosomes line up at equator
• Each replicated chromosomes is attached to one spindle fiber at the equator

Question 19

What happens during Anaphase in mitosis?

Answer 19

Each of the sister chromatids separate at the centromere and towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 20

What happens during telophase in mitosis?

Answer 20

• Chromosomes decondense into chromatin
• Cleavage furrow/Cell plate forms
• Spindle disappears
• New nuclear membrane forms
• Cytokinesis takes place
• Cell divides into 2 indentical copies
• New interphase begins

Question 21

What are spindle fibers and asters?

Answer 21

Microtubules formed by centrioles that are used to control the movement of the chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 22

What is a cleavage furrow?

Answer 22

The part where the cell pinches in during mitosis just prior to splitting in animal cells.

Question 23

What is the cell plate?

Answer 23

The part where the cell pinches in just prior to splitting during motosis in plant cells.

Question 24

What is mitosis?

Answer 24

The process by which the nucleus of a cell divides, while maintaining the chromosome number.

Question 25

What are three ways plant and animal mitosis is different?

Answer 25

1. Plants cells have a cell plate, animal cells have a cleavage furrow 2. Plant cells dont have centrioles and animal cells do 3. Plant cells dont have asters and animal cells do

Question 26

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 26

1 parent gives rise to 1 or more clones identical to the parent, and have the same hereditary info.

Question 27

How is asexual reproduction accomplished?

Answer 27

Through mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 28

What are poles of a cell?

Answer 28

Opposite sides horizontally in a cell.

Question 29

The is the equator of a cell.

Answer 29

The center of the cell vertically.

Question 30

What are some organisms that reproduce asexually?

Answer 30

Sponges, amoeba, and planaria.

Question 31

What is binary fission?

Answer 31

It is the simplest form of asexual reproduction where the parent divides into two parts that are about equal. Each daughter cell becomes a separate individual and and grows to normal size. No parent is left since it split itself up.

Question 32

Which organisms use binary fission?

Answer 32

Bacteria, protozoa, algea, and amoeba.

Question 33

What is budding?

Answer 33

A type of asexual reproduction where the parent divides into two unequal parts, the two individuals develop as small outgrowths, or buds, on the outer surface of the parent organism. The bud may break off or stay attached forming a colony. This is different from binary fission because buds vary in size.

Question 34

Which organisms use budding?

Answer 34

Yeast and hydras.

Question 35

What is spore formation?

Answer 35

Parents realized single specialized cells called spores. The spore(s) germinate and form new individuals. Spores vary is size but usually have the parts of a cell.

Question 36

Which organisms use spore formation?

Answer 36

Fungi, algea, protozoa, and bread mold.

Question 37

What is regeneration?

Answer 37

This is the ability of an organism to regrow lost body parts. The power of regeneration decreases as complexity of an organism increases.

Question 38

Which organisms use regeneration?

Answer 38

Hydras, planarians, starfish, and earthworms.

Question 39

What is vegetative reproduction?

Answer 39

Asexual reproduction using vegetative structures sich as seeds, plants, and roots. Undifferentiated cells divide mitotically and then differentiate to produce a plant. The new has the same hereditary characteristics as the parent.

Question 40

Which organisms use vegetative reproduction?

Answer 40

Lilies, plants, tulips, and onions.