Evolution - learning outcomes/ questions Flashcards
Definition of Evolution.
Evolution — the changes in organisms over generations as a result of genomic variations.
Natural selection is the non-random increase what?
Natural selection is the non-random increase in frequency of DNA sequences that increase survival and the non-random reduction in the frequency of deleterious sequences.
In stabilising selection, an average phenotype is what and extremes of the phenotype range are what?
In stabilising selection, an average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype range are selected against.
In directional selection, one extreme of the phenotype range is what?
In directional selection, one extreme of the phenotype range is selected for.
In disruptive selection, two or more phenotypes are what?
In disruptive selection, two or more phenotypes are selected for.
Natural selection is more rapid in what type of cell?
Natural selection is more rapid in prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes can exchange genetic material in which way, resulting in faster evolutionary change than in organisms that only use vertical transfer?
Prokaryotes can exchange genetic material horizontally, resulting in faster evolutionary change than in organisms that only use vertical transfer.
Horizontal gene transfer is when?
Horizontal gene transfer is where genes are transferred between individuals in the same generation.
Vertical gene transfer is when?
Vertical gene transfer is where genes are transferred from parent to offspring as a result of sexual or asexual reproduction.
Speciation is the generation of new biological species by evolution as a result of what?
Speciation is the generation of new biological species by evolution as a result of isolation, mutation and selection.
A species is a group of organisms capable of what?
A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, and which does not normally breed with other groups.
Geographical barriers lead to what and behavioural or ecological barriers lead to what?
Geographical barriers lead to allopatric speciation and behavioural or ecological barriers lead to sympatric speciation.
