Plant and animal breeding - Learning Outcomes/ questions Flashcards
Plant and animal breeding to improve characteristics to help what?
support sustainable food production.
Breeders develop crops and animals with higher what?
food yields, higher nutritional values, pest and disease resistance and ability to thrive in particular environmental condition
Plant field trials are carried out in a range of what?
environments to compare the performance of different cultivars or treatments and to evaluate GM crops.
In designing field trials account has to be taken off what?
the selection of treatments, the number of replicates and the randomisation of treatments.
In inbreeding, selected related plants or animals are what?
bred for several generations until the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of heterozygotes.
A result of inbreeding can be an increase in the what?
frequency of individuals who are homozygous for recessive deleterious alleles.
These individuals will do what?
less well at surviving to reproduce.
This results in what?
inbreeding depression.
In animals, individuals from different breeds may produce what?
a new crossbreed population with improved characteristics.
The two parent breeds can be maintained to produce what?
more crossbred animals showing the improved characteristic.
New alleles can be introduced to plant and animal lines how?
by crossing a cultivar or breed with an individual with a different, desired genotype.
In plants, F1 hybrids, produced by the crossing of two what?
different inbred lines, create a relatively uniform heterozygous crop.
F1 hybrids often have increased what?
vigour and yield.
Plants with increased vigour may have what?
increased disease resistance or increased growth rate.
