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Oral Histology > Ex 1- Enamel Tissue > Flashcards

Ex 1- Enamel Tissue Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

_______ is the hardest one of the 4 mineralized tissues of the body (enamel, dentin, bone, cementum)

A

enamel

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2
Q

Of the 4 tissues of a tooth, enamel is the only one that is NOT a connective tissue; it’s an ________ derived tissue (formed by specialized epithelial cells (ameloblasts)

A

ectodermally

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3
Q

Of the 4 mineralized tissues, enamel is the only on that does not have an unmineralized or preenamel formation stage: enamel has an ______ stage (partially mineralized) and a _____ stage (fully mineralized)

A

immature

mature

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4
Q

Enamel formation is _______: the ameloblast completes its enamel formative cycle once the thickness of enamel is reached at a site (most advanced coronally)

A

finite

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5
Q

Enamel is the ______ mineralized tissue to appear in a developing tooth, Dentin is the _____ to appear

A

second

first

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6
Q

Enamel is subject to ________ because of genetic and external factors (age changes, self-induced habits)

A

malformations

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7
Q

Enamel does not have _______ cells (acellular), nerves (aneural), blood vessesl (avascular), or lymph vessels (alymphatic)

A

enclosed

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8
Q

Enamel tissue is a composite biological mineral with ______ crystals oriented in a complex ____ pattern

A

apatite

3D

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9
Q

Enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized biological tissue. On the Mohs mineral hardness scale apatite is _____ and diamond is _____

A

5

10

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10
Q

Enamel is ____ without dentin support. Translucent. Hue depends on location, surface conditions of enamel, attraction to stain substances and age changes

A

brittle

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11
Q

Enamel needs a ____ environment to maintain its integrity

A

wet

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12
Q

Enamel is subject to _______, ______, and _____

A

attrition
abrasion
erosion

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13
Q

______ is the normal, slow wearing away of tooth substance under the stress of mastication

A

attrition

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14
Q

_____ and _____ are not normal

A

abrasion and erosion

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15
Q

_______ are pathways in enamel that allow for diffusion of small molecules such as water; ________ effects on pore walls lead to carious lesions

A

Microporosity

electrochemical (xerostomia)

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16
Q

_________ is when mineral is returned to the molecular structure of enamel by the way of saliva. When _______ exceeds ________ cavitation occurs

A

Remineralization
Demineralization
Remineralization

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17
Q

Enamel is ____ % inorganic, _____% organic, and ____%H2O by weight

A

96
1
3

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18
Q

The principal mineral component of enamel is ______ _______ . Enamel crystals, compared to other 3 mineralized tissues are ________ and consist of more impurities (flouride, carbonate)

A

calcium hydroxyapatite

larger

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19
Q

________ is the main protein of enamel comprising ___ % of the organic substance of enamel

A

Amelogenin

90

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20
Q

Amelogenin is a seed protein for normal _______

A

mineralization

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21
Q

Enamel is the only one of the 4 mineralized tissue that does NOT contain ______ fibers

A

collagen

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22
Q

Water is distributed throughout enamel by way of _______ btw crystals and proteins and is important for route of: fluoride ions, calcium and phosphorous ions for __________

A

micropores

remineralization

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23
Q

Most of the water forms a ______ shell around each crystal

A

hydration

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24
Q

What are some age changes that occur in enamel?

A
  • attrition
  • darkens in color
  • fluouride inc at surface
  • reduced porosity
  • reduced susceptibility to caries
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25
The most common CEJ relationship is ________ overlaps ________
cementum | enamel
26
What are the other 2 less common CEJ relationships?
- cementum meets enamel | - cementum does not meet enamel ( least common)
27
The clinical significance of CEJ relationships is that they ____ around a tooth and from tooth to tooth
vary
28
What are the 2 DEJ configurations?
- scalloped: | - smooth: in cervial areas; non load bearing
29
________ DEJ configuration is in cervial areas; non load bearing
smooth
30
________ DEJ configuration is in coral areas; adaptation to occlusal forces
Scolloped
31
_______ ___ ______ are growth lines found on enamel
Lines of Retzius
32
________ are numerous small transverse ridges (wave-like) on the exposed surfaces of enamel between lines of Retzius (grooves) found in the cervical area of the tooth
Perikymata
33
The structural components of enamel are due to the _____ and ____ of the apatite crystals at each site
direction | density
34
Enamel _____ are the structural units of enamel.
rods
35
Enamel rods have a diameter of 5-6 micromenter and a length up to 2.5mm (ML cusp of max 1st molar) with crystal most dense in the _____ of the rod and run parallel to the long axis of the rod
center
36
Each rod is formed by _____ ameloblast
one
37
Enamel _______ is the outer surface of the rod. Crystals are less dense, run in different directions and there is a _____ % of organic substance
sheath | higher
38
Highest percentage of organic material in the enamel sheath is _____
amelin
39
_________ _______ is located btw the sheaths and rods. Crystals are ____ dense and run at different directions than those of the sheath
Interrod substance
40
_____ or ____ ameloblasts secrete the interrod substance
2 or more
41
What causes the different optical properties of the structural components of enamel?
density of crystals and the direction in relation to each other
42
Enamel rods are at _____ angles to the dentin surface
90 degree
43
Each enamel rod is built up of segments separated by dark lines that give it a striated appearance, hence the name ______ ______
interrod striations
44
What are the 3 types of hypomineralized enamel structures?
enamel lamella enamel tuft enamel spindle
45
Enamel ____ extend from varying depths from the SURFACE of ENAMEL and consist of longitudinally oriented defects filled w/ enamel protein or organic debris from the oral cavity
lamella
46
The clinical significance of enamel lamella is they provide access for _____ microorganisms (caries) and ____ substances (esthetic considerations)
acidophilic | stain
47
Enamel ______ project from the DEJ for a short distance INTO ENAMEL and contain a greater concentration of enamel protein (tuftelin)
tufts
48
The clinical significance of enamel tufts is they contribute to the spread of caries at the ______
DEJ
49
Enamel ______ extend from the DENTIN across the DEJ into ENAMEL for a short distace
spindle
50
The clinical significance of enamel spindles is they contribute to the spread of caries along the _____
DEJ
51
How do enamel spindles form?
cell processes of odontoblasts extend between ameloblasts and when enamel begins to form, it becomes embedded in the enamel
52
______ originate at the enamel surface and pass inward
lamella
53
_____ originate at the DEJ and passes into enamel
Tufts
54
______ originate in the dentin and passes DEJ into enamel
Spindles
55
______-_____ bands are alternating dark and light bands (layers) varying in width which originate at the DEJ border and pass outward ending at some distance from the outer enamel surface
Hunter-Schreager bands
56
Hunter-Shreager bands are caused by different directions of _______ _______ in adjacent layers
enamel rods
57
________ _____ is the change in rod direction, minimizing the risk of cleavage in the axial direction under the influence of masticatory forces. Significant when performing operative dentistry
Functional adaptation
58
Differentation of inner epithelial cells of the enamel organ into ameloblasts and of the peripheral cells of the dental papilla into odontoblasts begins in the _______ most site of the future _____
coronal | DEJ
59
_________ stain is intrinsic stain caused by the antibiotic when enamel is maturing
Tetracycline
60
Mulberry molars are caused by _________ ________
congenital syphilis
61
Dens in dente means _____ _____ a ______
tooth within a tooth

Oral Histology (16 decks)

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