Ex 2- Formation of Mandible + Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Question 1

______ _______ are where the initial appearances of bone tissue in the area where each of the ____ bone organs of the body form

Answer 1

Ossification Centers

206

Question 2

Ossification centers appear in different environments within ________ called intramembranous bone organ development or within cartilage model called ________ bone organ development

Answer 2

mesenchyme

intramembranous

Question 3

__ mandible and __ maxillae of the ____ adult skull bone organs

Answer 3

1
2
22

Question 4

The mandible and maxillae have _________ ossification centers

Answer 4

intramembraneous

Question 5

The mandible has __ ossification centers and the ___ maxillary bones have ___ ossification centers per bone

Answer 5

2
2
2

Question 6

Some bones, like the ______ bones have both intramembraneous and endochondrial osssifcation centers and are referred to as having _______ ossification centers

Answer 6

temporal

mixed

Question 7

The number of ossification centers _____ from bone to bone

Answer 7

varies

Question 8

_____ ______ is the site where there is addition of bone tissue to a bone organ

Answer 8

growth sites

Question 9

Growth sites of bone tissue formation include: periosteum, endosteium, haversian + volkman canals and of special interest the ______ ______

Answer 9

periodontal ligament (PDL)

Question 10

No matter what environment _____ ______ forms in or on, it always forms within a highly ______ ______ tissue that is referred to by some as intramembraneous _____ tissue

Answer 10

bone tissue
vascularized connective
bone

Question 11

Paired _______ cartilages one in each _______ process of branchial arch I

Answer 11

Meckel’s

mandibular

Question 12

________ _______serve as the temporary skeleton of mandibular processes of branchial arch I and as a temporary attachment for muscles that eventually attach to the mandible

Answer 12

Meckel’s cartilages

Question 13

Meckel’s cartilages serves as models for and ultimately endochondral ossification centers for 2 ear ossicles : ______ and ______

Answer 13

malleus

incus

Question 14

Meckel’s cartilages serve as the site of appearance of 2 ligaments by undergoing retrogressive changes: ______ ______ and _______

Answer 14

anterior mallelar

sphenomandibular

Question 15

Meckel’s cartilages serve as temporary anterior ______ plate of forming _______ halves

Answer 15

lingual

mandibular

Question 16

Meckel’s cartilages serve as enclosed _____ ______ at the chin end of the mandibular halves

Answer 16

growth sites

Question 17

Meckel’s cartilages undergo growth, mineralization and resorption while serving as anterior _____ ____ and replaced as temporary anterior lingual plates by the encroaching bone tissue of the growing mandible halves

Answer 17

growth sites

Question 18

Meckel’s cartilages serve as both ______ _____ of ear ossicles and as a ______ _____ of each mandible halve

Answer 18

ossification centers

growth sites

Question 19

The enclosed anterior parts of Meckel’s cartilages serve as both ______ _____ ____ of mandibular halves and _____ ____ of the developing mandible halves

Answer 19

temporary lingual plate

growth site

Question 20

The mandible develops as ___ bilateral halves that exist throughout the interuterine period

Answer 20

2

Question 21

The mandible becomes __ of 22 skull bones when osseous union between the halves at the end of the ______ postnatal year

Answer 21

1

first

Question 22

The mandible beings development in the _____ embryonic week from 2 bilateral _______ ______ with mesenchymal tissue _____ to Meckel’s cartilges

Answer 22

6th
ossification centers
lateral

Question 23

The ossification centers of the mandible appear in the area where the _______ ______ ______ branches into the mental and incisive nerves or site of future ______ _______

Answer 23

inferior alveolar nerve

mental foramina

Question 24

The mandible grows ______ and ______ from the ossification centers

Answer 24

anterior

posterior

Question 25

In the ______ direction the mandible bone incorporates the distal parts of Meckel's cartilages: this incorporated part of each cartilages becomes the temporary _______ _____ and a _____ _____ for each mandible half

Answer 25

anterior lingual plate growth site

Question 26

In the _______ direction the mandible bone is in the form of a ____ featuring facial and lingual plates: the posterior end of the facial plate incorporates an independent piece of hyaline cartilage that becomes _______ ________ another ____ _____ of each mandible half

Answer 26

posterior U condylar cartilage growth site

Question 27

T/F | Condylar cartilage arises from Meckel's cartilage

Answer 27

False: condylar cartilage is INDEPENDENT of Meckel's cartilage

Question 28

From each of the ossification centers the bone of the mandible halves grows posterior to the site of future ____ and grows anterior toward the midline of the ____ where the 2 halves approach each other

Answer 28

TMJ | chin

Question 29

The proximal end of each Meckel's cartilage serves as the model for what 2 ear ossicles and 1 ligament?

Answer 29

malleus and incus ossicles (bones) | anterior mallelar ligament

Question 30

The middle area of each Meckel's cartilage serves as the model for what ligament?

Answer 30

sphenomandibular ligament

Question 31

The distal end of each Meckel's cartilages serves as what?

Answer 31

- temporary anterior lingual plate | - growth sites of the mandible halves

Question 32

Meckel's cartilages serve as a strut of attachment for the muscles of ________

Answer 32

mastication ie mylohyoid muscle (medial side) + others

Question 33

________ or _______ are the place of union or junction between 2 or more bones of the skeleton

Answer 33

joints or articulations

Question 34

________ joints permit little or no mobility (fibrous + suture joints) ie ________ bones between temporal and parietal bones

Answer 34

Synarthrosis | maxillary

Question 35

______ joints permit slight mobility (cartilaginous joins) ie _____ ______

Answer 35

Amphiarthrosis | pubic symphysis

Question 36

______ joints permit a variety of movements (synovial joints) ie _________ _______

Answer 36

``` Diarthrosis temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ```

Question 37

________ ______ refers to the TMJs dual compartment structure and function: hinge + sliding movement of mandible

Answer 37

Ginglymoarthrodial joint

Question 38

______ ______ is a joint that binds a tooth to a bone socket

Answer 38

Gomphosis joint (spike like)

Question 39

______ _____ muscle is the muscles that is attached to the articular disc and response for the hinge and sliding movement of the mandible

Answer 39

lateral pterygoid

Question 40

What are the 2 different formation sites of freely movable diarthrodial joints?

Answer 40

bone | cartilage

Question 41

What are the 3 features of MOST freely movable joints? Not true for ___

Answer 41

1 joint cavity incomplete articular disc cartilage articular surfaces TMJ

Question 42

What are the 2 bones that form the TMJ?

Answer 42

1. temporal - squamous portion | 2. mandible- condyloid process (condyle)

Question 43

What are the 3 unique features of the TMJ that make it different from other freely movable joints?

Answer 43

2 joint cavities Complete articular disc Soft connective tissue articulating surfaces

Question 44

During the ___ embryonic week the blastema or rudiments of TMJ and site of condylar cartilage appear but no ______ is present in this week

Answer 44

8th | cavitation

Question 45

The articular disc is present in the ____ embryonic week but ______ occurs during the ______ month in utero

Answer 45

8th cavitation 3rd

Question 46

Hyaline cartilage of the condyle is a ______ ____ of the mandible

Answer 46

growth site

Question 47

_______ _______ occurs between the articular connective tissue surface and the condylar cartilage

Answer 47

Appositional gwoth

Question 48

Cartilage is mineralized, resorbed and replaced by ______ tissue

Answer 48

bone

Question 49

Condylar cartilage remains until about age ____ when it is replaced by _____ bone tissue

Answer 49

25 | compact

Question 50

The mandible grows ______ and _____

Answer 50

downward | forward

Question 51

A person younger than 25 has lots of ______ in the TMJ while an older person does not

Answer 51

cells

Question 52

Appearance of 2 ossification centers of the mandible occurs ___ ___ IU, osseous union of mandibular halves occurs at the end of the ___ _____ ____

Answer 52

6 wks | 1st postnatal year

Question 53

Appearance of the blastema (rudiments) of TMJ occurs ___ ___ IU and cavitation within blastema of TMJ occurs in the ____ _____ IU

Answer 53

8wks | 3rd month

Question 54

Replacemnt of condylar cartilage by compact bone occurs ____ ____ +/-

Answer 54

25 years

Question 55

The _______ is a rudimentary (embryonic) substance from which cells, tissues, or organs are formed

Answer 55

blastema

Question 56

The TMJ blastema is where what 4 things form?

Answer 56

Condylar cartilage Articular Disc 2 joint cavities Soft tissue articular surfaces