Ex 2- Oral Mucosa Sensations (Travers)

Question 1

What are the three parts of the dorsal tongue?

Answer 1

Body
Terminal Sulcus
Root

Question 2

The body mucosa of the dorsal tongue is derived from branchial arch ___ and the root mucosa is from branchial arch ___

Answer 2

1

3

Question 3

Most of the epithelium of the dorsal tongue is _______ except in a few key locations

Answer 3

keratinized

Question 4

The lamina propria of the dorsal tongue is ______

Answer 4

flexible

Question 5

The dorsal tongue does not contain what layer?

Answer 5

submucosa

Question 6

The dorsal tongue contains numerous ______ giving it a rough surface.

Answer 6

papillae

Question 7

Some papillae are _____ ____ and others are innervated by _________ nerve endings

Answer 7

taste buds

somatosensory

Question 8

Sensation is ______ confined to tongue

Answer 8

NOT (in mucosa as well)

Question 9

Oral mucosa is densely _____ with a variety of sensations. Taste buds are innervated by CN ____, ____, ____

Answer 9

innervated

VII, IX, X

Question 10

CN ___ supplies the anterior mouth

Answer 10

V

Question 11

CN ____ supplies the posterior tongue and pharynx

Answer 11

IX

Question 12

A ____ and A _____ fibers supply touch sensation

Answer 12

Abeta + Adelta

Question 13

____ fibers supply a warming sensation

Answer 13

C

Question 14

A _____ supply a cooling sensation

Answer 14

Adelta

Question 15

What 2 fibers supply a painful sensation?

Answer 15

Adelta

C fibers

Question 16

______ _____ is a somatosensory associated with large axons (A beta) and terminates in the superficial lamina propria btw rete pegs. Complexes of nerve endings encapsulated by non-neuronal Schwann cells

Answer 16

Meissner Corpuscles

Question 17

Meissner Corpuscles role in perception is ______ and _____

Answer 17

flutter and motion

Question 18

______ _____ is associated with large axons (Abeta) and terminate at the apices of rete pegs. Complexes of nerve ends and specialized epithelial.

Answer 18

Merkel Receptors

Question 19

Merkel cells synapse on primary ________ neurons

Answer 19

afferent

Question 20

Both Meisnner & Merkel receptors have ____ thresholds (highly sensitive) but differ in their response to the ______ aspects of the stimulus

Answer 20

low

dynamic

Question 21

Merkel ends are _____ adapting. The respond both to the changing aspects AND static phases of the stimulus

Answer 21

slowly

Question 22

Meisnner’s endings are _____ adapting and respond only to changing aspects of the stimulus

Answer 22

rapidly

Question 23

Neither Merkel nor Meisnner mechanoreceptors can code ____ sensations bc their dynamic range does NOT extend to the noxious

Answer 23

painful

Question 24

________ are a separate population of fibers that code for painful sensations. These include free nerve endings that can end in lamina propria OR epithelium

Answer 24

Nociceptors

Question 25

What are the 2 types of Nociceptors?

Answer 25

Adelta | C fibers

Question 26

What are the main functions of the taste system?

Answer 26

- Detects chemicals in food - Dist. btw nutritive/non-nutritive - Detect harmful substances

Question 27

There are ____ classes of taste _______ to detect 5 classes of stimuli

Answer 27

5 | receptors

Question 28

What are the 5 classes of taste receptors that detect the 5 classes of stimuli?

Answer 28

``` Sugars (sweet) Amino acids (umami) Salts (salty) Acids (sour) Varied; alkaloid, purine base, glycosides (bitter) ```

Question 29

Sensation of spiciness NOT dependent on taste system rather, part of ____ system, dependent on _____ receptors

Answer 29

pain | TRP

Question 30

______ _____ are goblet-shaped clusters of 40-60 cells at right angles to the basal lamina extending to the surface, containing microvilli and taste pores

Answer 30

Taste buds

Question 31

There are _____ _____ fibers at the base of some bud cells make _______ with these fibers

Answer 31

primary afferent | synapses

Question 32

There are a total of ______ taste buds in the mouth

Answer 32

8,000

Question 33

_____% of taste buds are on the tongue ____% on pharynx and larynx and ____% on soft palate

Answer 33

68 27 5

Question 34

________ papillae are on the dorsal anterior tongue, innervated by chorda tympani branch of CN ____ (branchial arch __)

Answer 34

Fungiform VII 2

Question 35

Fungiform papillae contain approx. ______ taste buds. Most numerous at the tip of the tongue to monitor food entering the mouth

Answer 35

1600

Question 36

Fungiform papillae are derived from branchial arch ____

Answer 36

1

Question 37

Fungiform papillae are _______ shaped located among the more numerous ______ papillae

Answer 37

mushroom | filiform

Question 38

The keratin layer of fungiform papillae is interrupted at ____ and between ______

Answer 38

pore | filiforms

Question 39

Taste buds of fungiform papillae are located on the _____ surface

Answer 39

dorsal

Question 40

How many taste buds do each fungiform papillae typically have?

Answer 40

around 3

Question 41

________ papillae are spine-shaped and heavily keratinized. Do NOT contain taste buds.

Answer 41

Filiform

Question 42

Filiform papillae are innervated only by _________ fibers

Answer 42

somatosensory

Question 43

______ papillae are 2-9 parallel folds in dorsoventral orientation in the lateral aspect of most posterior anterior tongue

Answer 43

Foliate

Question 44

Foliate papillae have approx _____ taste buds (densely packed)

Answer 44

1300

Question 45

Foliate papillae are innervated by CN ____ from branchial arch ____

Answer 45

IX | 3

Question 46

Foliate papillae monitor food during _____

Answer 46

chewing

Question 47

Foliate and circumvallete papillae are located in the _____ (not on the surface)

Answer 47

trenches

Question 48

Foliate and circumvallate papillae are closely associated with _____ _____

Answer 48

``` salivary glands (Von Ebner glands) ```

Question 49

_______ papillae are 8-10 papillae arranged in V on most posterior anterior tongue with a central connective tissue core surrounded by a trench

Answer 49

Cirumvallate

Question 50

Circumvallate papillae have approx. ______ taste buds. Monitor food just before _______

Answer 50

2400 (densely packed) | swallowing

Question 51

Circumvallate papillae are innervated by CN ____

Answer 51

IX

Question 52

Despite the fact different subsets of taste buds are located in distinct oropharyngeal regions, are innervated by diff CN and can be associated with distinct papillae, taste buds are generally functionally ______ in their ability to sense _____ tastes

Answer 52

redundant | different

Question 53

The taste buds on the _____ respond to deviations from ______ indicating that they signal to protect the airway

Answer 53

larynx (epiglottis) | isotonicity (response to H2O)

Question 54

_____ substances taste more intense when in contact with the posterior taste buds

Answer 54

Bitter

Question 55

Regional differences in taste sensitivity is ______ NOT absolute

Answer 55

relative

Question 56

Single fungiform papillae can usually detect more than _____ quality

Answer 56

one

Question 57

The functional redundancy of the taste system makes it ______ in the face of partial taste loss

Answer 57

resilient (CNS can compensate for partial loss)

Question 58

When the chorda tympani nerve is anesthetized taste stimuli are undetectable on the side of hte tongue _______ to anesthesia

Answer 58

ipsilateral

Question 59

When chorda tympani is bilaterally anesthetized this produces _____ effects on "whole-mouth" perception

Answer 59

minimal

Question 60

The number of taste papillae______ greatly between individual. The number of taste papillae declines _____ with age, smoking, alcohol use

Answer 60

varies | slightly

Question 61

______ tend to have more taste papillae than ______

Answer 61

women | men

Question 62

Individuals have differences in taste ______; the ability to taste specific classes of molecules or qualities

Answer 62

perception

Question 63

Fox discovered marked individual differences in the ability to taste ____and the bimodal dsitribution of thresholds indicated it is an ______ trait

Answer 63

bitter (PTC) | inherited

Question 64

Bitter receptors ______ is a 30 member family of G-protein coupled receptors. Each receptor detects a limited range of bitter compounds

Answer 64

ts2r

Question 65

tas2r receptor for PTC - tas2r28 sensitivity is largely due to substitutions in ______ ______

Answer 65

amino acids

Question 66

________ contain many bitter-tasting substances and plant compounds appear to be natural ligands for _____. Vegetables containing _______ are more bitter to people homozygous for PTC sensitive tas2r

Answer 66

Vegetable tas2r38 Glucosinolates

Question 67

People with more sweet receptors have ______ sensitivity while people with fewer receptors have ______ sensitivity due to promoter region differences that cause sweet receptors to be transcribed

Answer 67

increased | decreased

Question 68

Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual variation in taste _______ and ______

Answer 68

sensitivity | preference

Question 69

The sense of taste affects what and how much we eat and thus have great potential to affect bother general and _____ health

Answer 69

oral