Ex 2- Salivary Glands 2

Question 1

What are the 3 histological details of salivary glands?

Answer 1

Acinar cells
Myoepithelial cells
Ducts

Question 2

What are the different types of acinar cells?

Answer 2

mucous

serous

Question 3

The common features of acini are; cluster of acinar cells surround a _____ _____, spaces between cells _____-____ spaces, and cells are joined by ______ _____

Answer 3

central lumen
inter-cellular
tight junctions

Question 4

Tight junctions and intercellular spaces allow the passage of _____ and ____ ____ but restrict the passage of _____ ____

Answer 4

H2O
small ions
larger molecules

Question 5

The end of the acinar cell that faces the lumen contains ______ ______

Answer 5

secretory granules

Question 6

_______ spaces are most prominent in serous acini

Answer 6

intercellular

Question 7

______ cells surrounds the acinar cells

Answer 7

Myoepithelial

Question 8

The entire end piece of the acinus is surrounded by a ______ _____

Answer 8

basal lamina

Question 9

_______ acinar cells are pyramidal shaped, rest on the basal lamina, and have a round nucleus

Answer 9

Serous

Question 10

Serous acinar cells have ____, irregular microvilli

Answer 10

short

Question 11

Serous aciar cells exhibit many characteristics of polarized, ______ secreting cells

Answer 11

protein

Question 12

Serous acinar cells secrete _______ and _______

Answer 12

enzymes

glycoproteins

Question 13

What are the well defined protein machinery present in the serous acinar cell?

Answer 13

rough ER
golgi apparatus
secretory granules
lumen

Question 14

______ acinar cells are cuboidal to columnar with oval nuclei pressed toward the base. Cells are arrange in _______ around a larger central lumen.

Answer 14

Mucous

tubules

Question 15

Mucous cells secrete _____; high molecular wt, heavily glycosylated glycoprotein, critical for lubrication of the oral surface

Answer 15

mucins

Question 16

The secretory granules of mucins are more ____-staining than the secretory granules of serous cells

Answer 16

pale

Question 17

Nuclei in _____ cells are located further ______ and more oval than in serous cells and the lumen in secretory endpieces are ______

Answer 17

mucous
basally
larger

Question 18

_______ _______ are formed due to the position of 3 mucous cells topped by 3 serous cells seen during EM scannning. May be an artifact. Not seen during rapid freeze & freeze substitution fixation.

Answer 18

Serous demilune

Question 19

_______ cells surround acini (serous +mucous) + intercalated discs, lie within the basal lamina, and have multiple processes

Answer 19

Myoepithelial

Question 20

A myoepithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell with ______ properties. Typically has number of _____ and these wrap around the acini and ducts

Answer 20

contractile

processes

Question 21

Myoepithelial cells are innervated and function in expelling ______ into the ductal system

Answer 21

saliva

Question 22

What are the three types of ducts associated with salivary glands?

Answer 22

Intercalated
Striated (secretory)
Excretory (collecting)

Question 23

In major salivary glands the acini open into ____ ducts which lead to _____ ducts and then finally to _____ ducts that expty directly into the oral cavity

Answer 23

intercalated
Striated (secretory)
excretory (collecting)

Question 24

What is different btw major and minor salivary gland duct systems?

Answer 24

• No striated ducts in minor
• Acinus empties directly into excretory duct
• many excretory ducts per minor gland

Question 25

_______ ducts are the smallest ducts, several acini drain into them, and they are quite short

Answer 25

Intercalated

Question 26

The cells that make up the intercalated duct are _______ in shape with a _______ placed nucleus

Answer 26

cuboidal | centrally

Question 27

The major function of the intercalated duct is to convey ________ but they do secrete a few _______ proteins

Answer 27

saliva | antimicrobial

Question 28

Intercalated ducts lead directly to ________ ducts

Answer 28

striated

Question 29

_______ ducts are longer, more active ducts that are a site of re-absorption for _______ and _____

Answer 29

Striated sodium chloride

Question 30

Striated ducts are responsible for the fact that primary saliva (isotonic) that reaches the mouth is ______ (secondary saliva)

Answer 30

hypotonic

Question 31

Reasorption in the striated duct is against a concentration gradient so it is an energy-requiring process for which ____ is critical

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

Striated ducts secrete ________ which is vital for the buffering action of saliva

Answer 32

bicarbonate

Question 33

Striated duct cells are tall ______ cells that are highly _____. They have a prominent mitochondria

Answer 33

columnar | polarized

Question 34

At the apical end of striated duct cells are _____ microvilli and their basal has numerous infoldings of the basolateral membrane giving it a ______ appearanc

Answer 34

short | striated

Question 35

Striations of the striated duct provide a large ______ ___ for reabsorption that takes place in the ducts

Answer 35

surface area

Question 36

Once the striated duct cells reabsorb sodium and chloride ions in the primary secretion it gets taken up at the _____ end and transported through the cell to its _____ aspect where they pass to ______ adjacent to the striations

Answer 36

apical basal capillaries

Question 37

What is the purpose of the excretory ducts?

Answer 37

carry saliva to oral cavity | *no notable secretion or reabsorption occurs here*

Question 38

Excretory ducts get ____ as they get closer to the oral cavity.

Answer 38

wider

Question 39

As the excretory duct gets closer to junction with oral epithelim cells change from a _____ epithelial layer to ________ epithelium

Answer 39

``` single pseudostratified (sometime stratified and keratinized) ```

Question 40

Excretory ducts are often located in _______ tissue with an ______ shaped lumen

Answer 40

connective | irregularly

Question 41

What is the position of nuclei in excretory ducts?

Answer 41

Irregularly positioned

Question 42

_______ surround excretory ducts. _____ cells are sometimes intermingled with excretory duct cells and secrete ______

Answer 42

Fibroblsts Goblet Mucins

Question 43

The parotid gland in a pure ______ gland. They contain ______ cells that secrete antibodies into the saliva

Answer 43

serous | plasma

Question 44

The submandibular gland is a _____ gland with _____ acini dominant. They have intercalated discs with more _____ located nuclei and a _____ lumen

Answer 44

mixed serous centrally larger

Question 45

The ______ gland is a mixed gland but is predominantly mucous

Answer 45

sublingual

Question 46

Most of the minor salivary glands are pure or nearly pure _____ glands. Except Blandin and Nun on anterior tongue that are ____ and Von Ebner glands on the posterior tongue that are pure _____

Answer 46

mucous mixed serous

Question 47

______ ______ glands are associated with the taste-bud bearing foliate and circumvallate papillae of the posterior tongue

Answer 47

Von Ebner's glands

Question 48

There is a general loss of _______ (30-60%) with age

Answer 48

parenchyma

Question 49

_______ _______ is the main culprit to reduced salivary flow and dry mouth in elderyly

Answer 49

prescription medications

Question 50

_______ is a viral disease, usually affects parotid gland, and is associated with painful swelling

Answer 50

Mumps

Question 51

_____ occurs when calcified stones, develop in ducts particularly _______ duct of the submandibular gland

Answer 51

Sialoliths | Wharton's

Question 52

_____ _____ obstruct secretions from minor salivary glands as a result of trauma

Answer 52

Mucous plugs

Question 53

Several ____ replicate in salivary glands and shed into saliva

Answer 53

viruses (Epstein-Barr + Herpes)

Question 54

The severity of hyposalivation depends on the degree of ______ loss

Answer 54

salivary

Question 55

_______ is the subjective feeling of dry mouth

Answer 55

Xerostomia

Question 56

Hyposaliva is unstimulated salivary flow rates of

Answer 56

0.1 | 2/3

Question 57

What are the various symptoms that occur due to dry mouth?

Answer 57

- Xerostomia - mucosal changes - enamel erosion - inc caries - difficulty chewing + swallowing - changes in taste

Question 58

What causes the etiology of dry mouth?

Answer 58

genetic (rare) medications (common) systemic diseases head + neck radiotherapy

Question 59

What medications cause reduced salivary flow?

Answer 59

``` Anti-cholinergic Diuretics Anti-depressants Anti-histamines Anti-hypertensives ```

Question 60

What systemic diseases can reduce salivary flow?

Answer 60

Mumps (temporary) Sjogrens Diabetes mellitus HIV

Question 61

Head and neck radiotherapy can have severe effects on _____ _____. It is both rapid and long lasting.

Answer 61

salivary flow

Question 62

The initial effect on salivary flow by head/neck radiation is reduced _____ function. LAter effects are due to actual ____ ____ primary of _____ cells

Answer 62

gland cell death acinar

Question 63

Newer therapies specifically target the tumor site but salivary flow is still compromised ____ year after treatment

Answer 63

one

Question 64

What are 2 new therapies in dev. to help restore salivary flow?

Answer 64

- stem cell | - genetic modification of remaining salivary tissues

Question 65

Frequent dental evaluations and prophylaxis are needed in patients with _______ due to prevalence of the following complications; _____, ____ ____ and ____ ______

Answer 65

hyposalivation oral lesions oral candidiasis

Question 66

What are 3 ways to manage hyposalivation?

Answer 66

frequent dental evals + prophylaxis artificial saliva salivary stimulants

Question 67

What are problems with products that mimic saliva?

Answer 67

must be used frequently | poor patient compliance