EX3 Embryology - Urinary System Flashcards Preview

SP14 Anatomy > EX3 Embryology - Urinary System > Flashcards

Flashcards in EX3 Embryology - Urinary System Deck (47)
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1
Q

What germ layer is the urinary system derived from

A

intermediate mesoderm

2
Q

True or False

The intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal

A

True

3
Q

What is first formed from the intermediate mesoderm

A

bilateral urogenital ridge

4
Q

What are the two portions of the urogenital ridge

A

nephrogenic cord

gonadal ridge

5
Q

This is the lateral portion of the urogenital ridge; responsible for urinary structures

A

nephrogenic cord

6
Q

This is the medial portion of the urogenital ridge; responsible for genital structures

A

gonadal ridge

7
Q

What are the three stages of kidney development

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

8
Q

This stage of kidney development begins early in week 4 and is present for only a few days

A

pronephros

9
Q

This stage of kidney development is from weeks 4-10, becoming functional at week 6

A

mesonephros

10
Q

This stage of kidney development is from week 5 and beyond, developing into the definitive kidney and is function at weeks 9/10

A

metanephros

11
Q

The pronephros develops bilaterally in which region

A

cervical

12
Q

The pronephros consist of what type of tissue

A

a solid rod of intermediate mesoderm connected to epithelial-lined buds

13
Q

The mesonephros develops in which region

A

throacolumbar

14
Q

What does the mesonephros use to guide its formation

A

the pronephros

15
Q

What three things make up the mesonephros

A

mesonephric duct
mesonephric tubules
mesonephric vesicles

16
Q

The mesonephric duct functions as what in adults

A

the ductus deferens in males

17
Q

The mesonephric tubule functions as what in adults

A

efferent ductules of testes

18
Q

The mesonephric tubule elongates to act as what

A

the tubular part of nephron

19
Q

The mesonephric vesicle functions as what

A

Bowman’s casule; contains the glomerulus

20
Q

True or False

There are 45-50 glomeruli per mesospheric kidney

A

False; there are only 10-15

21
Q

In which direction does the mesonephros grown

A

caudally toward the cloaca

22
Q

Once the mesonephros contacts the cloaca what happens

A

it hollows out (caudal to cranial)

the ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum) forms

23
Q

What initiates the formation of the metanephros

A

the mesonephros contacting the cloaca

24
Q

What are the two components of the metanephros

A
ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)
metanephrogenic blastema
25
Q

The metanephrogenic blastema is derived from what tissue

A

mesenchyme of nephrogenic cord

26
Q

The ureteric bud gives rise to what portion of the kidney

A
collecting portion;
ureter
renal pelvis
major and minor calyces
collecting tubules
27
Q

The blastema gives rise to what portion of the kidney

A
extretory protion;
distal convoluted tubule
loop of hence
proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman's capsule
28
Q

What is reciprocal induction

A

communication between the ureteric bud and blastema is required for kidney development

29
Q

True or False

The kidneys descend into proper position

A

False; they ascend to reach the suprarenal glands

30
Q

What is the original blood supply of the kidneys

A

common iliac artery

31
Q

What is the final blood supply of the kidneys

A

right and left renal artery

32
Q

Failure of the temporary blood supply of the kidneys to regress leads to what

A
accessory renal arteries
common occurrence (~25% of adults have 2-4 aa)
33
Q

This is when the poles of the kidneys (usually inferior) fuse together blocking the ascent due to blockage of the IMA

A

horseshoe kidney

34
Q

The urorectal septum divides the cloaca into what components

A
urogenital sinus (ventrally)
anorectal canal (dorsally)
35
Q

What urogenital sinus derives into what components in males and females

A
urinary bladder (and allantosis)
urethra
36
Q

The urogenital sinus derives into what components in males

A

prostate

bulbourethral glands

37
Q

The urogenital sinus derives into what components in females

A

vestibule or vagina

vestibular glands

38
Q

This closes off to form the urachus (fibrous cord)

A

allantosis

39
Q

This coveres the obliterated urachus in the adult

A

median umbilical fold

40
Q

What type of urachal abnormalities can exist

A

urachal cyst
urachal sinus
urachal fistula

41
Q

This develops from the distal portions of the mesonephric ducts as they are incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder

A

trigone

42
Q

What is meant by “water under the bridge”

A

the ureter is below the mesenepric duct (future vas deferens)

43
Q

This results from failure of anterior abdominal wall to close

A

urinary bladder exstrophy (exposed to enternal environment)

44
Q

This results from the failure of one or both of the kidneys to form (ureteric bud fails or reciprocal induction fails)

A

renal agenesis

45
Q

Renal a genesis can lead to what

A
oligohyraminos (too little amnionic fluid)
potter syndrome (from bilateral)
46
Q

True or False

Potter syndrome is 100% fatal

A

True; leads to the lack of development of other organs and causes deformities

47
Q

True or False

A crosses renal ectopia kidney (2 on one side) is more common than a pelvic kidney

A

False; a crosses renal ectopia is 1/10,000 and a pelvic kidney is 1/1,000