Final Embryo - Respiratory Development Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Final Embryo - Respiratory Development Deck (39)
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1
Q

This appears in the floor of the caudal pharynx

A

laryngotracheal groove

2
Q

The laryngotracheal groove protrudes ventral forming an endodermal outgrowth from the foregut called what

A

lung bud (respiratory diverticulum)

3
Q

This develops, separating the lung bud (ventrally) from the foregut (dorsally)

A

tracheosophageal septum

4
Q

The respiratory diverticulum retains a connection with the pharynx where

A

primordial laryngeal inget

5
Q

What abnormalities can occur during respiratory development and what risk is associated with them

A

tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia

risk of polyhydramnios

6
Q

The lung bud develops to form what

A

larynx, trachea, respiratory tree, and lungs

7
Q

This germ layer forms the epithelial lining and glands of the airway

A

endoderm

8
Q

This germ layer forms the smooth muscle and CT of the airway

A

splanchnic mesoderm

9
Q

This developed as the portion of the foregut immediately caudal to thy pharynx

A

esophagus

10
Q

Which pharyngeal arch pairs give rise to the laryngeal cartilage and musculature

A

4 and 6

11
Q

What forms the epiglottis

A

mesenchyme of the caudal hypopharyngeal eminence

12
Q

Laryngeal muscules arising from the 4th arch are innervated by hat

A

superior laryngeal nerve

13
Q

Laryngeal muscles arising from the 6th arch are innervated by what

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

14
Q

The lung bud divides to from what

A

the primary bronchial buds (future primary bronchi)

15
Q

This type of mesoderm gives rise to the visceral pleura of the lungs

A

splanchnic mesoderm

16
Q

This type of mesoderm lining the thoracic body gives rise to the parietal pleura

A

somatic mesoderm

17
Q

The primary bronchial buds divide for form what

A

secodnary (lobar) bronchial buds

18
Q

How many secondary (lobar) buds are there

A

3 on the right

2 on the left

19
Q

The secondary bronchial buds divide to form what

A

teritiary (segmental) bronchial buds

20
Q

What consists of a bronchopulmonary segment

A

tertiary bronchus + surrounding tissue

21
Q

How many tertiary (segmental) buds are there

A

10 on the right

8 or 9 on the left

22
Q

What stage of lung development happens during weeks 6- 16

A

pseudoglandular

23
Q

What stage of lung development happens during weeks 16-26

A

canalicular

24
Q

What stage of lung development happens from week 26 until birth

A

terminal sac

25
Q

What stage of lung development happens from week 32 until 8 years of age

A

alveolar

26
Q

In this stage of lung development all major lung structures have developed except for the most distal portions where gas exchange takes place

A

pseudoglandular stage

27
Q

What does the lung tissue look like during the pseudoglandular stage

A

it appears histologically as a collection of exocrine glands

28
Q

Can a fetus born during the pesudoglandular stage survive?

A

No

29
Q

In this stage of lung development respiration is possible near the end where each terminal bronchiole has split into 2+ respiratory bronchioles developing primitive alveolar ducts

A

Canalicular stage

30
Q

What becomes of the lung tissue during the canalicular stage

A

it becomes highly vascular

31
Q

Can a fetus born during the canalicular stage survive?

A

At the end, possibly; although many die

32
Q

In this stage of lung developments more terminal sacs develop and capillaries arrive firing the blood-air barrier; will see type I and type II alveolar cells

A

termninal sac stage

33
Q

What is the purpose of type I alveolar cells

A

This is through which the gasses diffuse

34
Q

What is the purpose of type II alveolar cells

A

they produce, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant

35
Q

This lines the inner walls of alveolus, reducing surface tension at the air-alveolar interface preventing alveolar collapse upon exhaling

A

pulmonary surfactant

36
Q

When do type II alveolar cells begin producing surfactant

A

20-22 weeks, the amount though is insufficient for survival until weeks 26-28

37
Q

What could a baby suffer from is born between 24-26 weeks due to insufficient surfactant

A

respiratory distress syndrom

38
Q

In this stage of lung development, the alveoli are fully functional

A

alveolar stage

39
Q

What percentage of mature alveoli develop postnatally continuing until 8 years of age

A

95% (most within the first three years)