Final Neuro - Olfactory and Visual Systems Flashcards Preview

SP14 Anatomy > Final Neuro - Olfactory and Visual Systems > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final Neuro - Olfactory and Visual Systems Deck (35)
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1
Q

What cells are use to detect odors

A

cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons; neuroepithelium

2
Q

How can the olfactory nerve be damaged following head trauma

A

the nerve passes through the cirbiform place, if the brain shifts then it could cut the fibers there

3
Q

Fibers of which neurons make up the olfactory nerve

A

bipolar primary afferent neurons (SSA)

4
Q

Fibers of which distinctly shaped neuron make up the olfactory tract

A

mitral cells

5
Q

What structures make up the primary olfactory cortex

A

piriform cortex

posterior orbitofrontal cortex via mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus

6
Q

What are the specific areas of the piriform cortex that are involved with the primary olfactory cortex

A

uncus
periamygdaloid cortex
anterior entorhinal cortex

7
Q

What effect does the pupil have on images as they pass through it

A

it inverts the images

8
Q

This field is what the patient is seeing

A

visual field

9
Q

This field is the region of the retina onto which the image is projected

A

retinal field

10
Q

These regions provide the best color and detail of an image

A

fovea centralis

macula lutea; cones

11
Q

These regions provide the best detection of movement and light intensity (black and white)

A

peripheral retina

rods

12
Q

What is the region of the retina in which we are blind

A

optic disc; point of exit of ganglion cell axons

13
Q

Which retinal neuron gives rise to fibers to the optic nerve

A

ganglion cells

14
Q

What are the three structure in which the primary visual fibers terminate

A

amygdala
lateral geniculate body
visual cortex (occipital lobe); primary, secondary, and tertiary

15
Q

What do the fibers that terminate in the amygdala carry

A

emotionally significant images

16
Q

What do the fibers that terminate in the lateral geniculate body carry

A

visual information

17
Q

What do the fibers that terminate in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cortices carry

A

primary; enchantment of edges

secondary/tertiary; color and stereopsis

18
Q

What is retinoptic organization

A

point in the field of vision can be traced to an area of the visual cortex

19
Q

Where is the middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) visual areas located

A

border zone between occipital and temporal/parietal cortex

20
Q

What is the function of the middle temporal (MT) visual area

A

movement
direction
velocity

21
Q

What is the function of the medial superior temporal (MST) visual area

A

perceived motion of stationary targets as observer moves

22
Q

Where is the fusiform face area (FFC) located

A

fusiform gyrus; inferior occipital-temporal cortex

predominately right sided

23
Q

What is the function of the fusiform face area (FFC)

A

recognition of faces; human and animal

24
Q

What would the effect of a lesion be it on the optic nerve

A

unilateral blindness

25
Q

What would the effect of a lesion be it on the optic chiasm

A
bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of peripheral vision of both eyes)
or nasal hemianopsia (loss of inner (nasal) vision from 1 eye)
26
Q

What would the effect of a lesion be it on the optic tract

A

homonymous hemianopsia; loss of the left side of each eye or the right side of each eye

27
Q

What would the effect of a lesion be it on the geniculocalcarine tract

A

homonymous hemianopia; if both sides of the tract are affects; is not, then its quadrant based

28
Q

What would the effect(s) of a lesion be it on the primary visual cortex

A

blindsight; can still recognize objects using vision

Anton symdrome; denial of blindness

29
Q

What would the effect of a lesion be it on the fuciform face area

A

prosopangnosia; impaired ability to recognize people based upon image of their face

30
Q

These cells are parvocellualr cells are help identify “what” an object is; in association with cones

A

midget cells

31
Q

These cells are magnocellular cells and help to locate “where” an object is; in associated with rods

A

parasol cells

32
Q

This is the inability to recognize objects based upon vision, but know what the object is used for due to loss involving secondary and tertiary visual cortex

A

visual agnosia

33
Q

This is blind due to loss of primary visual cortex, although the patient denies their blindness

A

anton syndrome

34
Q

This involves visual hallucinations late in the day, amusing or disturbing but not emotional, due to age and reduced vision

A

Charles Bonnet syndrome

35
Q

This is the impaired ability to recognize people based on an image of a face, resulting from a lesion to the FFA on right side

A

prosopagnosia