Exam 1

Question 1

Type of processing of frontal central lobe

Answer 1

motor cortex, movements

Question 2

Type of processing of parietal lobe

Answer 2

somatosensory cortex, touch, temp, limbs, pain

Question 3

Type of processing of temporal lobe

Answer 3

auditory cortex, auditory info

Question 4

Type of processing of occipital lobe

Answer 4

visual cortex, visual information

Question 5

What are the parts of the CNS

Answer 5

brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What are the parts of the PNS

Answer 6

somatic, autonomic: (sympathetic and parasympathetic) nervous systems

Question 7

What is the role of the spinal cord

Answer 7

connects brain and PNS and spinal reflexes

Question 8

What does the somatic nervous system do

Answer 8

sensory input and output from brain to muscles

Question 9

what does the autonomic nervous system do

Answer 9

regulates body, heart and stomach

Question 10

what are the 2 categories of the autonomic nervous system and what do they each do

Answer 10

sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: rest state and digestion

Question 11

What do glial cells do

Answer 11

dispose of waste products of neurons, chemical stability

Question 12

What are the 3 main structures of neurons and what do they do

Answer 12

cell body: nucleus, keeps cell alive

dendrites: fibers that project out, receive info
axon: transmit messages to other neurons

Question 13

explain what myelin gaps are

Answer 13

the axon has a myelin sheath where electrical impulses travel down, there are gaps it jumps past

Question 14

What are the 2 types of electrical impulses

Answer 14

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 15

what are neurotransmitters and what do they do

Answer 15

chemicals in axon terminals, transmit info between neurons

Question 16

What are the 7 important neurotransmitters

Answer 16

Ach-acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonine and norepinephrine, GABA (inhibitory), Glutamate (excitatory), endorphins

Question 17

what does acetylcholine do?

Answer 17

learning, memory, muscle movement

Question 18

function of dopamine

Answer 18

arousal, mood shifts, thoughts, physical movement

Question 19

function of serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer 19

levels of arousal, mood, sleep, eating

Question 20

function of GABA

Answer 20

inhibitory transmitter, lowers arousal, anxiety, regulates movement

Question 21

function of glutamate

Answer 21

excitatory transmitter, memory storage, pain, strokes, schizophrenia

Question 22

What do agonist drugs do

Answer 22

increase neurotransmitter acivity

Question 23

what do antagonist drugs do

Answer 23

decrease activity of neurotransmitter

Question 24

What are antianxiety drugs ? antagonists or agonists? for what?

Answer 24

agonists for GABA

Question 25

What might cause epilepsy

Answer 25

lack of GABA

Question 26

What are the types of antidepressant drugs

Answer 26

(SSRIs) block reuptake of serotonin, | SSRNIs block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 27

function of medulla

Answer 27

heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing

Question 28

function of pons

Answer 28

sleep and dreaming

Question 29

function of reticular formation

Answer 29

levels of arousal and consciousness

Question 30

function of cerebellum

Answer 30

coordination, balance, motor learning

Question 31

function of Thalamus

Answer 31

incoming sensory stimuli, not smell

Question 32

function of basal ganglia

Answer 32

initiation and execution of movements

Question 33

What does the limbic system do

Answer 33

survival, memory, emotion

Question 34

What are the parts of the limbic system

Answer 34

hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala

Question 35

What does the hypothalamus do

Answer 35

controls pituitary gland, autonomic NS and regulates drives like eating, thirst and sex

Question 36

What does the hippocampus do

Answer 36

formation of memories and new memories

Question 37

what does the amygdala do

Answer 37

regulates emotions, fear anger and aggression

Question 38

What is the endocrine glandular system

Answer 38

secretes hormones, responds to stress, functions like sex, eating, metabolism, reproduction and growth

Question 39

what do the endocrine glands do

Answer 39

controlled by hypothalamus which controls pituitary gland, which directs other glands to release hormones

Question 40

What are the physical manifestations of emotion

Answer 40

autonomic NS, heart rate increase, BP, sweating, pupil dilation,

Question 41

What is the cerebral cortex

Answer 41

center for all higher level cognitive processing, hemispheric communication site

Question 42

What is the corpus callosum

Answer 42

bridge of neurons that connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 43

What kinds of thought processing occurs in the cerebral cortex

Answer 43

perception, language, memory, decisions.

Question 44

What does the association cortex do?

Answer 44

decision making, reasoning, perception, speech, language

Question 45

How do we know about the functions of different parts of brain?

Answer 45

PET scans and MRI imaging

Question 46

What is the Broca's area

Answer 46

left frontal lobe, fluent speech, signing and music

Question 47

What is the Wernicke's area

Answer 47

temporal lobe, left hemisphere, comprehension of speech and reading

Question 48

what part of the brain is used when you hear words

Answer 48

auditory cortex and Wernicke's area

Question 49

what part of the brain do you use when you see words

Answer 49

visual cortex and angular gyrus

Question 50

what part of the brain do you when you speak words

Answer 50

Broca's area and the motor cortex

Question 51

What happened to Phineas Gage and why was it important

Answer 51

he had a head injury where a tamping iron damaged his frontal lobe, he became aggressive, helped scientist understand that the frontal lobe controls behaviors

Question 52

What kind of function does the left side of the brain control

Answer 52

language, math and logic, analytical skills

Question 53

What kind of function does the right side of the brain control

Answer 53

spatial perception, solving spatial problems, drawing, face recognition

Question 54

What is consciousness

Answer 54

self awareness of both inner thinking and feeling, and external environment

Question 55

What does an EEG test help determine

Answer 55

can help determine the five stages of sleep: electroencephalogram

Question 56

How often do the 5 stages of sleep repeat

Answer 56

every 90 min, 3 and 4 get shorter, REM and 2 get longer

Question 57

What can sleep deprivation cause

Answer 57

less concentration, weakness, discomfort, immune system depression, vulnerable to accidents,

Question 58

What are the benefits of getting a good nights sleep

Answer 58

restore brain function and body, learning,

Question 59

What are the 4 major research perspectives

Answer 59

biological, cognitive, behavioral, sociocultural

Question 60

Explain the behavioral perspective of research

Answer 60

how external environmental events condition our behavior

Question 61

Explain the cognitive perspective of research

Answer 61

how the mind processes, perception, memory, problem solving

Question 62

What are the 3 main research methods ?

Answer 62

descriptive methods, correlational studies, experimental research

Question 63

What is the purpose of a correlational study

Answer 63

to determine if 2 variables are related

Question 64

What is a variable

Answer 64

any factor that can have more than 1 value

Question 65

Explain the correlation coefficient

Answer 65

it is a number that shows the type and strength of the relationship between 2 variables. Ranges from -1 to +1

Question 66

The relation between SAT scores and college GPA is usually +? or -?

Answer 66

positive

Question 67

The relation between how much time a student watches TV and their grades is? +? or -?

Answer 67

negative

Question 68

If two variables have a correlation coefficient of 0 this means?

Answer 68

they have no relationship

Question 69

What is the purpose of finding the correlation between 2 variables

Answer 69

to be able to predict human behavior

Question 70

Which variable becomes manipulated by the researcher? independent or dependent

Answer 70

independent

Question 71

The cause is equivalent to what variable

Answer 71

independant

Question 72

the effect is equivalent to what variable

Answer 72

dependent