Exam 4 Ch 9

Question 1

What is social psychology

Answer 1

science of how situational forces influences our behavior and thinking

Question 2

What is social influence research

Answer 2

studies how other people and the social forces they create, influence behavior

Question 3

What is conformity

Answer 3

a change in behavior/ belief to conform to a group norm

Question 4

In the military, _______is essential because in a time of war, soldiers cannot each do their own thing while in battle.

Answer 4

conformity

Question 5

What are the major types of social influence

Answer 5

information, situational, normative

Question 6

Explain the Sherif Study and informational social influence

Answer 6

Study with group of people that all agreed lights moved when they didnt.

Question 7

What did the results of the Sherif study mean

Answer 7

people are impacted by informational social influence.

Question 8

influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain and we need information.

Answer 8

information social influence

Question 9

when visiting a foreign culture, it is usually a good idea to watch how the people living in that culture behave in various situations because they provide information to outsiders on how to behave in that culture.
This is an example of what kind of influence

Answer 9

informational social influence

Question 10

What was the Asch study

Answer 10

on normative social influence, a group had to judge what line was longest, 2 participants faked the wrong answer, measured how many times the third participant would conform to agree to an obviously wrong answer

Question 11

Why is the Asch study not informational social influence?

Answer 11

because the answer was obvious, if they had not been clear, then it would be informational social influence

Question 12

What factors impact conformity

Answer 12

group unanimity, mode of response-secret or public answer, status of group members

Question 13

What is compliance

Answer 13

acting in accordance with a direct request

Question 14

Once we have made a commitment (such as signing a safe-driving petition), we feel pressure to remain consistent (by putting up the large ugly sign) with the earlier action.
This is an example of what compliance technique

Answer 14

foot in the door

Question 15

Many prisoners returning home after the war praised the Chinese Communists because, while in captivity, the prisoners did small things such as writing out questions and then providing the pro-Communist answers, which often they just copied from a notebook.
Such minor actions induced more sympathy for the Communist cause.
This is an example of what compliance technique

Answer 15

foot in the door

Question 16

Compliance gained by starting with a large unreasonable request that is turned down and then following it with a more reasonable smaller request
is called what type of compliance techniqe

Answer 16

door in the face

Question 17

a teenager may ask his parents if he can have a new sports car for his sixteenth birthday.
His parents are likely to refuse.
Then the teenager asks his parents to help him pay for a used 20-year-old car, which is what he wanted his parents to help him with all along.
This is an example of what compliance technique

Answer 17

door in the face

Question 18

Compliance to a costly request is achieved by first getting compliance to a less costly request but then an even less attractive request on it.

Answer 18

low ball

Question 19

“But wait, that’s not all, there’s more!” and the price is lowered or more merchandise is added to sweeten the deal, usually before you even have a chance to respond.

Answer 19

thats not all compliance

Question 20

Obedience

Answer 20

follows the command of a person of authority

Question 21

In what instances is obedience good

Answer 21

obeying societal laws

Question 22

In what instance is obedience bad

Answer 22

soldiers ordered to shoot innocent villagers

Question 23

Explain Milgram’s experimental paradigm

Answer 23

punishment through electric shock, most stopped at high levels of shock, never really shocked, teacher thought they were shocking the learner

Question 24

What compliance technique was used in Milgram’s experiment

Answer 24

foot in the door

Question 25

How were the results of Milgrams experiment affected with the physical presence of the experimenter

Answer 25

if they left the room and gave commands over phone, maximum obedience dropped

Question 26

How were the results of Milgrams experiment affected by the physical closeness of teacher and learner

Answer 26

maximum obedience dropped,

Question 27

How were the results of Milgrams experiment affected by the setting of the study

Answer 27

the setting did not influence the results as much

Question 28

How were the results of Milgrams experiment affected by experimenter unanimity

Answer 28

2 experimenter one agrees to keep going and the other doesnt. making all teachers stop

Question 29

How were the results of Milgrams experiment affected by teacher responsibility

Answer 29

teacher only pushes shock generator but another control how much shock, maximum obedience

Question 30

What were some of the criticisms of Milgrams experimentation

Answer 30

ethical debate, found to have incomplete reporting of results. replications found people were lead by disobedience

Question 31

Explain the Asotroten study

Answer 31

nurses who had to respond to a call from an unknown doctor for a dangerous dosage of medicine, 22/21 obeyed.

Question 32

What happened during the Jonestown massacre

Answer 32

cult mass suicide with Reverend Jim Jones. 900 people

Question 33

Using the _____, Jones was able to increase the financial support required of each member until they had turned over essentially everything they owned.

Answer 33

foot in the door

Question 34

Jones had recruiters ask people walking by to help the poor. When they refused, the recruiters then asked them just to donate five minutes of time to put letters in envelopes. This illustrates the _____.

Answer 34

door in the face

Question 35

_____ was also at work, as being moved from San Francisco to Guyana created an uncertain environment in which followers would look to others to guide their own decisions.

Answer 35

informational social influence

Question 36

, for a professional basketball player, shooting free throws is a simple, easy task. Thus, such a person would shoot free throws better when other people are around and watching than when shooting alone.

Answer 36

social facilitation

Question 37

Tendency for people to exert less effort when working in a group than when individually accountable

Answer 37

social loafing

Question 38

in a group project for a shared grade, _______would decrease if each group member is assigned and responsible for a specific part of the project.

Answer 38

social loafing

Question 39

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 39

Responsibility for a task is spread across all members of the group, so individual accountability is lessened

Question 40

bystander effect

Answer 40

Probability of a person helping in an emergency is greater when there are no other bystanders than when there are other bystanders

Question 41

When returning home from work late one night, Kitty Genovese was attacked and murdered in front of her apartment building, At least 38 neighbors heard her cries for help, but no one intervened and police were not called until the victim died.

Answer 41

bystander effect

Question 42

Loss of self-awareness & self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity

Answer 42

Deindividuation

Question 43

The uniform of Ku Klux Klan members, especially the hood, fosters _____, the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity.

Answer 43

Deindividuation

Question 44

Deindividuation _____ the likelihood that members will forget their moral values and act without thinking.

Answer 44

increases

Question 45

Strengthening of a group's prevailing opinion about a topic following group discussion of that topic

Answer 45

group polarization

Question 46

if students who don't like a particular class all start talking about that class, they will leave the discussion disliking the class even more because each student may provide different reasons for disliking the class.

Answer 46

group polarization

Question 47

students who belong to fraternities or sororities tend to be more politically liberal, and this difference grows during college because group members reinforce and ____ each other's views.

Answer 47

polarize

Question 48

How does group thinking influence us

Answer 48

Impairs decision- making | Leads to an illusion that the group cannot make mistakes

Question 49

How has groupthink been linked to the Challenger disaster?

Answer 49

NASA ignored warnings of engineers who disagreed with a launch, the group was overconfident and did the launch anyway, leading to an explosion