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Psychology > Exam 3 Ch 8 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Ch 8 Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

What is personality

A

internally based characteristic ways of acting and thinking

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2
Q

What is Franz Gall’s phrenology theory of personality

A

a person’s personality could be determined by measuring the bumps on their skill

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3
Q

Freud believed _____ was a primary cause of emotional problems

A

sexual conflict

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4
Q

What are Freud’s Three levels of awareness

A

conscious mind: What we are presently aware of

Preconscious mind:
Information we are not presently aware of but can access

Unconscious mind: Part of our mind of which we are not aware

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5
Q

Explain the iceberg model of the mind

A

above the water is the conscious mind, below the surface is preconscious, hidden below is unconscious

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6
Q

What are the 3 personality processes according to Freud

A

The id, the ego and the superego

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7
Q

Explain the id

A

a persons original personality that resides in the unconscious mind.

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8
Q

Biological instinctual drives and the primitive parts of our mind is part of what personality process

A

the id

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9
Q

the ____ is the part of our personality that operates on the pleasure principle

A

the id

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10
Q

What is the pleasure principle

A

it demands immediate gratification for drives without concern for the consequences

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11
Q

Instincts such as survival, reproduction and pleasure are part of what personality process

A

the id

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12
Q

Explain what the ego is

A

it develops during the firs year of life, socially acceptable outlet’s for the id’s needs, find gratification for instinctual drives within the constraints of reality

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13
Q

The ___ operates on the reality principle

A

ego

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14
Q

Is the ego unconscious or not?

A

partly unconscious (tied to the id) partly preconscious (tied to the external world

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15
Q

Explain the super ego

A

one’s conscience and idealized standards of behavior

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16
Q

the ___ operates on a morality principle

A

the superego

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17
Q

Explain the morality principle

A

it threatens to overwhelm with guilt and shame.

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18
Q

Explain Freud’s defense mechanisms

A

processes that distort reality and protect us from anxiety

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19
Q

According to Freud, what causes anxiety

A

because we try to satisfy the id and superego,

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20
Q

What two personality processes go into conflict and what is the result

A

the superego and the id, the ego will have to resolve it.

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21
Q

What are the 8 defense mechanisms according to Freud

A

repression, regression, denial, displacement, sublimation, reaction formation, projection and rationalization

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22
Q

Unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious

A

Repression

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23
Q

Refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking realities

A

Denial

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24
Q

Not remembering a traumatic incident in which you witnessed a crime

A

Repression

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25
Replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behavior
Sublimation
26
Throwing temper tantrums as an adult when you don’t get your way
Regression
27
Refusing to accept evidence that your spouse is having an affair
Denial
28
Creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behavior
Rationalization
29
Accusing your boyfriend of cheating on you because you have felt like cheating on him
Projection
30
Acting in exactly the opposite way to one’s unacceptable impulses
Reaction formation
31
Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target
Displacement
32
Channeling aggressive drives into playing football or inappropriate sexual desires into art
Sublimation
33
Reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development
Regression
34
Being overprotective of and lavishing attention on an unwanted child
Reaction formation
35
Justifying cheating on an exam by saying that everyone else cheats
Rationalization
36
Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself
Projection
37
Taking your anger toward your boss out on your spouse or children by yelling at them and not your boss
Displacement
38
Explain the psychosexual stages of personality development
an erogenous zone is developed at each stage of life with different activities
39
What are the stages of psychosexual personality
oral, anal, latency, genital
40
What are the erogenous zones, put them in order
mouth lips and tongue anus genitals
41
What activity involves the oral stage
sucking, biting and chewing
42
What activity involves the anal stage
bowel retention and elimination
43
What activity involves the phallic stage
genital stimulation, attraction to opposite sex parent, gender roles and sense of morality
44
What activity involves the latency stage
cognitive and social development
45
What activity involves the genital stage
development of sexual relationships, intimate adult relationships
46
Assign the ages to the stages of psychosexual personality
``` oral- birth to 18 months anal0 18 months to 3 years phallic 3 to 6 years latency 6 years to puberty genital- puberty to adulthood ```
47
How did Freud create the psychosexual stage theory
his memories and interactions with patients
48
What is an erogenous zone
area of the body where the id's pleasure seeking energy is focused
49
Explain what fixation is
energy remains in a stage because of excessive gratification or frustration of needs
50
what marks the beginning of a new stage
a change in erogenous zone
51
When do unhealthy personalities develop
the id or superego is too strong or the ego too weak, too dependent on defense mechanisms
52
How do healthy personalities develop
when all systems act in a harmonious way
53
What are Neo-Freudian theories of personalities
agree with many of Freud's ideas but differ in many important ways
54
Name 3 people who have Neo-Freudian theories of personalities
Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney
55
What are humanistic theories
conscious free will, people are unique and have personal growth
56
Who is the creator of the humanistic theory
Abraham Maslow
57
According to the humanistic theory, ______ of needs motivates peoples behavior
hierarchal arrangement
58
What is the hierarchy of needs
needs are organized in hierarchical levels, with most basic needs at the bottom.
59
Need to live up to ones fullest unique potential
self actualization need
60
Need for self esteem, achievement, competence and independence
esteem need
61
Need to be loved and to love, to belong and be accepted
belongingness and love needs
62
need to feel safe, secure and stable
safety needs
63
need to satisfy hunger and thirst
physiological needs
64
``` Put the needs in order of most to least pressing esteem needs safety needs physiological needs self actualization needs belongingness and love needs ```
``` 2- esteem needs 4-safety needs 5-physiological needs 1- self actualization needs 3-belongingness and love needs ```
65
What is positive regard
to be accepted by and have affection of others, especially significant others
66
What did Carl Rogers do
work with college students with adjustment problems, concluded people need positive regard
67
What are the two main concepts of Roger's self theory
conditions of worth- contribute to self concept | unconditional positive regard-acceptance and approval without conditions is needed for self actualization
68
What is the social-cognitive approach to understanding personality
combines 3 research perspectives: cognitive, behavioral and sociocultural
69
What is Bandura's self system
a set of cognitive processes that a person uses to regulate their behavior. decisions to choose what behavior to engage in
70
What is self efficacy
judgment of ones effectiveness in dealing with particular situations
71
_____ self efficacy is associated with depression, anxiety and helplessness
low
72
____ self efficacy is associated with self confidence, positive outlook and minimal self doubt
high
73
What is Rotter's locus of control
a person's perception of how they control what happens to them
74
A person who Perceives success as dependent upon their own needs has what locus of control
internal
75
A person who May develop learned helplessness or hopelessness has what locus of control
external
76
A person who May think that they are unable to prevent unpleasant events has what locus of control
external
77
What is learned helplessness
a sense of hopelessness where a person thinks they are unable to prevent aversive events
78
____ contain a dimension, where is is continuously ranging from one extreme to the other
personality traits
79
What are trait theories
approach personalities based on factor analysis and statistical techniques, personality tests
80
Raymong B Catell
factor analysis, found 16 traits to describe personalities
81
Hans Eysenck
factor analysis found 3 trait dimensions
82
What are the differences between Cattell and Eysenck
the # of traits depends on the level of categorization in factor analysis
83
Eysenck argued that traits are determined by _____
heredity
84
What are the 3 traits Eysenck theorized
extraversion-introversion neuroticism- emotional stability psychoticism-impulse control
85
people high in neuroticism tend to be
overly anxious and easily upset
86
Extraversion and introversion depend on
levels of neuronal activity
87
extroverts seek ____ simulation to raise levels of arousal in the brain
external
88
introverts have ____ than normal levels of arousal than extroverts
higher
89
What are the 5 factors in the 5 factor model of personality
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)
90
Conforming, practical, narrow interests, closed to new ideas
low openness
91
Calm, secure, relaxed, self-satisfied
low neuroticism
92
Independent, imaginative,broad interests, receptive to new ideas
high openness
93
Emotional, insecure, nervous, self-pitying
high neuroticism
94
Disorganized, undependable,careless, impulsive
low conscientiousness
95
Tough-minded, rude, irritable, ruthless
low agreeableness
96
Well-organized, dependable,careful, disciplined
high conscientiousness
97
Reclusive, quiet, aloof, cautious
low extraversion
98
Sympathetic, polite, good-natured, soft-hearted
high agreeableness
99
Sociable, talkative, friendly, adventurous
high extraversion
100
How are personality tests used
help diagnose problems, counselling, personal decisions, career interests
101
What are personality inventories
questions for the which the test taker must indicate if it applies to them
102
What is MMPI-2
most used, personality inventory- Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory, true false cannot say
103
What is a projective test
inkblots, test taker must respond to stimuli
104
What are thematic apperception tests TAT
test taker must make up a story from a picture.

Psychology (6 decks)

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