Exam 1

Question 1

Frequency Distribution

Answer 1

A table that lists each possible value of a QUALITATIVE variable with the number of occurrences within a data set

Question 2

Class

Answer 2

Qualitative data can be classified into this category

Question 3

Class frequency

Answer 3

Number of observations in a data set that fall into a class

Question 4

Class relative frequency

Answer 4

The class frequency / the total number of observations. Should total to 1, a ratio.

Question 5

Class Interval

Answer 5

Involved in quantitative data where classes aren’t naturally occurring, therefore it would be the intervals on the x-axis

Question 6

Skewed left

Answer 6

Mean < Median

Question 7

Skewed Right

Answer 7

Mean > Median

Question 8

Kurtosis

Answer 8

Measure of the amount of outliers a data set encompasses

Question 9

Histogram

Answer 9

A graph that groups together similar values

Question 10

Bar graph

Answer 10

A graph that displays classes of qualitative variables

Question 11

Low standard deviation

Answer 11

Centered around the mean

Question 12

High standard deviation

Answer 12

Spread out across a range of values

Question 13

Experimental/Observational unit

Answer 13

An object from which we collect data

Question 14

Population

Answer 14

Set of all units we are interested in studying

Question 15

Sample

Answer 15

A subset of the population

Question 16

Variable

Answer 16

A characteristic/property of an individual, usually being measured

Question 17

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 17

Utilizes graphical methods in order to look for patterns and summarize the data set

Question 18

Inferential statistics

Answer 18

Utilizes sample data to extend upon a population in order to make predictions and decisions

Question 19

Discrete variable

Answer 19

Countable

Question 20

Continuous Variable

Answer 20

Must be measured

Question 21

Z-Score

Answer 21

The distance a data value is from the mean in terms of standard deviations

Question 22

Boxplot

Answer 22

In descriptive statistics, it’s used to graphically demonstrate the spread of a dataset

Question 23

IQR

Answer 23

Interquartile Range. 75th quartile - 25th quartile

Question 24

Unimodal

Answer 24

Involves one mode, one single highest value

Question 25

Empirical Rule

Answer 25

68-95-99.7

Question 26

Probability

Answer 26

The measure of likelihood of a random phenomenon or chance occurring. Describes what will happen short-term by looking at what will happen long-term

Question 27

Experiment

Answer 27

A process that leads to a single outcome that cannot be predicted with certainty

Question 28

Sample Point

Answer 28

Most basic outcome of an experiment

Question 29

Sample Space

Answer 29

A collection of all possible data points

Question 30

Event

Answer 30

Specific collection of data points

Question 31

Probability of an event happening:

Answer 31

P(x) = Event / Sample Space

Question 32

Combination

Answer 32

A collection without order and without repetition

Question 33

Union

Answer 33

Sample points belonging to both A and B or points belonging to A OR B

Question 34

Intersection

Answer 34

Sample points belonging to both A AND B

Question 35

Complement Rule Formula

Answer 35

P(x) = P(A) + P(A^c)=1

Question 36

Conditional Probability

Answer 36

Takes into account additional info about the results of an experiment

Question 37

Events are independent if:

Answer 37

The occurrence of Event E doesn't affect the probability of Event F. And vv

Question 38

What do the words "at least" signify?

Answer 38

The complement rule

Question 39

Complement

Answer 39

The event doesn't occur, or the event consisting of all sample points that are not in Event A

Question 40

Permutation

Answer 40

Arrangement of objects in a definite order and sequence

Question 41

If numbers are allowed to repeat, what rule should you use?

Answer 41

Multiplication Rule

Question 42

Conditional Probability of AB

Answer 42

To find that Event A occurs given that Event B occurs

Question 43

Additive Rule

Answer 43

P(A) + P(B) - P(A(intersection)B)

Question 44

Conditional Probability Formula of AB

Answer 44

(P(A(intersection)B) / P(B) (Take the intersection of the 2 events / the event that is given

Question 45

Multiplicative Rule of Probability

Answer 45

P(A(intersection)B) = P(A) * P(BA) or P(B) * P(AB)

Question 46

Events are independent if

Answer 46

The occurrence of Event E doesn't affect the probability of Event F

Question 47

Intersection of Independent Events Formula

Answer 47

A * B

Question 48

Union of Independent Events Formula

Answer 48

A + B - (intersection)

Question 49

Events are Independent if

Answer 49

P(AB) = P(A) or P(BA) = P(B)

Question 50

Are mutually exclusive and independent the same thing?

Answer 50

NO!

Question 51

Multiplicative Rule of Counting

Answer 51

n1 * n2 * n3 * ... * nk

Question 52

Permutations Rule of Counting

Answer 52

N! / (N-n)! Arranging them in a DISTINCT ORDER

Question 53

Partitions Rule of Counting

Answer 53

N! / n1! * n2! * n3! * ... * nk! Partitioning the elements of a set of N elements into k GROUPS

Question 54

Combinations Rule of Counting

Answer 54

N! / n! (N-n)!

Question 55

To be mutually exclusive, P(A(intersection)B) =

Answer 55

0

Question 56

N

Answer 56

The number of things from which you can choose from

Question 57

n

Answer 57

The number of things that will be chosen