Exam 1

Question 1

Respiratory exchange ratio that represents carbohydrates as the only substrate being used

Answer 1

1.0

Question 2

What determines the energy utilization rate

Answer 2

Intensity of activity

Question 3

Field-based research

Answer 3

can be conducted in a variety of venues

Question 4

Why should you not only rely on authority for the decision making process

Answer 4

• bias
• out if their scope of practice
• outdated resources

Question 5

At the end of glycolysis, where does pyruvate go to continue metabolism

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

What type of research allows a researcher much greater control over the environment and is best suited for basic research

Answer 6

Laboratory based

Question 7

benefit of active recovery as opposed to passive recovery

Answer 7

• more blood circulation through muscles to remove heat and acid
• speeds blood lactate removal
• maintains a higher aerobic metabolic rate to replenish PCr

Question 8

purpose of a scientific review

Answer 8

synthesize existing literature

Question 9

At rest, approximately what percentage of caloric expenditure is coming from fats

Answer 9

66%

Question 10

As the duration of a steady state activity increases (i.e. walking), what happens to CHO utilization/contribution

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

What part of the metabolic system produces metabolic water

Answer 11

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Which of the following is the term that describes when a new glucose molecule is created from lactate during EPOC

Answer 12

gluconeogenesis

Question 13

What unscientific method is a widely held but unfounded belief

Answer 13

Myth

Question 14

Fat can only be metabolized in what kind of environment

Answer 14

Aerobic

Question 15

What metabolism system produces ATP

Answer 15

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 16

In an experimental study design, which variables are measured before and after the intervention to determine a response

Answer 16

Dependent variable

Question 17

What term describes when the demand for ATP is higher than the production of ATP from aerobic sources

Answer 17

Oxygen deficit

Question 18

What is the ratio of substrate utilization to ATP production of the ATP-PC system

Answer 18

1:1

Question 19

Byproducts of the breakdown of ATP

Answer 19

• ADP
• Pi
• energy
• H+

Question 20

Which enzyme “controls” the speed of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 20

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 21

What substrate can be metabolized in the absence of oxygen

Answer 21

Carbohydrate

Question 22

As aerobic ability increases (improved fitness level), what is most likely to be seen in endurance activities

Answer 22

a decrease in blood lactate at a given intensity

Question 23

Why is the action of creatine kinase necessary

Answer 23

it allows for the replenishment of ATP during high-intensity activities

Question 24

Which metabolic substrate has the most potential energy to be converted into ATP

Answer 24

fat

Question 25

Which substrate can be metabolized into the most ATP

Answer 25

fat

Question 26

What is VO2

Answer 26

volume of oxygen consumed

Question 27

How long should an individual fast to produce a valid basil metabolic rate

Answer 27

12 hours

Question 28

What is the purpose of having a journal peer-reviewed

Answer 28

to be rigorously reviewed by other scientist in the same area

Question 29

What is a hypothesis

Answer 29

an educated guess to what might happen

Question 30

What is the name for the main process of metabolizing a free fatty acid

Answer 30

beta oxidation

Question 31

How many ATPs are produced from each NADH after it completes the electron transport chain?

Answer 31

2.5

Question 32

What type of research study uses the scientific method

Answer 32

original investigation

Question 33

What is the only type of study design that can prove a cause-effect relationship between variables

Answer 33

experimental

Question 34

What is the impact of H+ (acidity) on enzymes

Answer 34

decreases speed of reaction

Question 35

What is the only source of energy for humans

Answer 35

bonds in fat, carbohydrates, and protein

Question 36

What activity would rely primarily on the ATP-PC system

Answer 36

high jump (activity that requires power for a few seconds)

Question 37

In what part of the muscle cell does anaerobic glycolysis take place

Answer 37

sarcoplasm

Question 38

What is a possible length of a carbon chain for a fatty acid

Answer 38

18 (even number)

Question 39

Oxygen consumption above resting values after exercise is termed as

Answer 39

EPOC

Question 40

Where are carbohydrates stored in the form of glycogen

Answer 40

liver and muscles

Question 41

What factor will have a direct impact on resting metabolic rate

Answer 41

body temp

Question 42

How many Acetyl-CoA molecules are created when a 14-carbon free fatty acid goes through Beta Oxidation

Answer 42

7 (half of free fatty acid chain)

Question 43

How does an individual communicate their research results to others in the field

Answer 43

publish in a peer-reviewed journal

Question 44

What is considered a typical lactate threshold for the general population

Answer 44

50-65% of max

Question 45

reason for EPOC

Answer 45

- restore ATP and PCr - removal of blood lactate - return hormone values to homeostasis

Question 46

As intensity increases, what happens to the CHO utilization

Answer 46

increases

Question 47

Which enzyme requires energy during glycolysis

Answer 47

Hexokinase

Question 48

What type of research study is based on a specific situation or person

Answer 48

case study

Question 49

You do something a certain way because that is how it has always been done is an example of which unscientific method

Answer 49

tradition

Question 50

What is true about evidence based practice?

Answer 50

you make decisions based on the most recent published research

Question 51

Which of the following is the only place a therapist should trust when looking for facts to help make a decision on how to treat a patient

Answer 51

peer reviewed journal

Question 52

What type of research does a researcher utilize numerical data to explain their results?

Answer 52

Quantitative

Question 53

How many turns of the Krebs Cycle occur from a 12-carbon fatty acid being metabolized

Answer 53

6 (half)

Question 54

What is indirect calorimetry

Answer 54

measurement O2 in and CO2 out

Question 55

Every turn of the Krebs cycle will produce how many NADH

Answer 55

3

Question 56

RER

Answer 56

- an indication of the percentage of carbohydrate metabolized - an approximation of kilocalories obtained per liter of oxygen consumed - the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed

Question 57

A calorie is a direct measurement of

Answer 57

heat

Question 58

Which type of study design utilizes quantitative data

Answer 58

correlational

Question 59

What is the most common cause of fatigue during high intensity exercise

Answer 59

depletion of ATP

Question 60

What is the term that describes when “all” the energy needs are being met through aerobic metabolism during exercise

Answer 60

steady state

Question 61

Which system requires the physical presence of oxygen

Answer 61

Electron transport chain

Question 62

What is a positive adaptation to taxing the ATP-PC system

Answer 62

increased PCr concentration

Question 63

Why does a hypothesis need to be tested in the scientific method

Answer 63

to validate the hypothesis

Question 64

If an amino acid is going to be utilized as an energy source, it must be converted to a(n):

Answer 64

Acetyl-CoA

Question 65

Which type of research would examine how the electron transport system works

Answer 65

basic

Question 66

What is OBLA

Answer 66

blood lactate concentration of 4 mM

Question 67

examples of an adaptation which would lead to improvements in aerobic metabolism

Answer 67

- increase in enzyme concentration - increased capillary density - increase in number of mitochondria

Question 68

What is the first step in the scientific method

Answer 68

define the question

Question 69

What part of a study would describe the subjects that were used

Answer 69

methods

Question 70

Why do buffering ions help increase glycolytic performance

Answer 70

controls pH

Question 71

Which enzyme is required to form lactate, and thus is helpful in buffering a muscle cell during anaerobic metabolism

Answer 71

Lactate dehydrogenase