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ISA 235 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Moore’s Law

A

The law that the number of transistors on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months

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2
Q

Abstract reasoning

A

the ability to make and manipulate models

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3
Q

systems thinking

A

connecting a set of inputs and outputs into a sensible whole

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4
Q

collaboration

A

two or more people working together

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5
Q

experimentation

A

making a reasonable analysis of an opportunity

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6
Q

system

A

a group of components that interact

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7
Q

Information System (IS)

A

a group of components that interact to produce information

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8
Q

Five Components Framework

A 
Hardware
Software
Data
Procedures
People
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9
Q

Management Information Systems

A

management and use of information systems

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10
Q

Information Technology

A

Products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used to produce information

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11
Q

IT vs. IS

A

You can buy IT but you can’t buy IS

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12
Q

strong password

A
  • 10 or more characters
  • does not contain username, real name, or company name
  • no complete words
  • no the same as a previous password
  • contains an upper case, lower case, number, and a special character
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13
Q

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

A

international standard for creating business diagrams

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14
Q

business process

A

network of activities for accomplishing a business function

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15
Q

swimlane format

A

type of BPM that where each role has its own column or “lane”

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16
Q

activity (related to BPM)

A

tasks that need to be accomplished

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17
Q

O (thin circle)

A

start of a business process

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18
Q

repository

A

collection of data stored within the business process

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19
Q

data flows

A

movement of data from one activity to another

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20
Q

sequence flows

A

solid line between activities

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21
Q

Two dimensions of process quality

A
  • effectiveness

- efficiency

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22
Q

effectiveness process quality

A

business process that enables the business to accomplish its strategies

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23
Q

efficient process quality

A

ratio of benefits to costs

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24
Q

information

A

knowledge derived from data

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25
Q

Data characteristics

A
  • Accurate
  • Timely
  • Relevant
  • Just barely sufficient
  • Worth its cost
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26
Q

5 forces model

A

helps organizations determine the potential profitability of an industry

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27
Q

Competitive forces (3 of 5)

A

competition from…

  • vendors of substitutes
  • new competitors
  • existing rivals
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28
Q

Bargaining power forces (2 of 5)

A

bargaining power of…

  • suppliers
  • customers
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29
Q

How is strength determined in a five forces model?

A

the strength is low if the threat of the customer taking their business elsewhere is low

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30
Q

competitive strategy

A

the strategy a business uses to succeed

31
Q

value chain

A

network of value-creating activities

32
Q

primary activities

A

functions that relate directly to the production of the business’ products or services

33
Q

support activities

A

functions that assist the primary activities

34
Q

primary activities (list)

A
  • inbound logistics
  • operations/manufacturing
  • outbound logistics
  • sales and marketing
  • customer service
35
Q

linkages

A

interactions across value activities

36
Q

How does an organization create a competitive advantage?

A

creating new products, enhancing existing ones, and differentiating from competitors

37
Q

metadata

A

data that describes the data

38
Q

switching costs

A

make it difficult for a consumer to switch from your product to another

39
Q

computer hardware

A

electronic components and gadgets that input, process, output, and store data according to the instructions from programs and software

40
Q

central processing unit (CPU)

A

selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons and stores results in memory

41
Q

storage hardware

A

saves data and programs (i.e. magnetic disk and usb flashdrive)

42
Q

types of hardware

A
  • PC
  • tablet
  • smartphone
  • etc
43
Q

server

A

computer that supports processing requests from many remote computers and users

44
Q

clients

A

things that access servers

45
Q

how many bytes are in a kilobyte?

A

1,024

46
Q

how many bits in a byte?

A

8

47
Q

volatile

A

components are lost when the power is off

48
Q

non-volatile

A

content is saved when power is off

49
Q

internet of things

A

objects are becoming connected to the internet to interact with other devices, applications, or servers

50
Q

operating system (OS)

A

program that controls that computer’s resources

-reads and writes data

51
Q

native applications (thick-client)

A

programs written for one particular OS

52
Q

web applications (thin-client)

A

runs within a computer browser

53
Q

non-mobile client examples

A

Windows
Mac OS
Unix
Linux

54
Q

mobile client examples

A 
Symbian
BlackBerry OS
iOS
Android
Windows 8
55
Q

server examples

A

Windows server
Unix
Linux

56
Q

virtualization

A

when one physical computer hosts many virtual computers within it

57
Q

PC virtualization

A

PC hosts several OS’s

58
Q

license

A

the right to use the program

59
Q

database

A

a self-describing collection of integrated records

60
Q

table

A

a group of similar rows or records

61
Q

relational databases

A

databases that carry their data in tables that represent relationships using foreign keys

62
Q

database management system (DBMS)

A

a program used to create, process, and administer a database

63
Q

DBMS examples

A

access
SQL
oracle

64
Q

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A

international standard language for processing a database

65
Q

database application

A

a collection of forms, reports, queries, and applications programs

66
Q

forms (database app)

A

view and edit data

67
Q

reports (database app)

A

structured presentation of data using sorting and other operations

68
Q

queries (database app)

A

search based upon data values provided by the user

69
Q

application programs (database app)

A

provide security, data consistency, and special-purpose processing

70
Q

multiuser processing

A

multiple users processing the same database

71
Q

user interface

A

presentation format of an application

72
Q

user experience

A

the way the app affects the user’s emotions

73
Q

roaming

A

when users move their activities across devices

ISA 235 (14 decks)

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