Exam 1

Question 1

What are the four major forms of evidence?

Answer 1

Philosophical
Pedagogical
Empirical
Theoretical

Question 2

Philosophical

Answer 2

Play to win

Question 3

Pedagogical

Answer 3

Accepted or traditional practices

Question 4

Empirical

Answer 4

Observed through research

Question 5

Theoretical

Answer 5

More is better

Question 6

Who is the Father of Sport Psychology and where did he work? What did his research consist of?

Answer 6

Coleman Robert Griffith
University of Illinois
Studied psychological factors in football and baseball

Question 7

American Sport Psychology

Answer 7

Providing performance enhancement services to athletes

Question 8

Soviet Union Sport Psychology

Answer 8

Stressed psychological training
Integrated systems
Trained psych coaches

Question 9

Scandinavian Sport Psychology

Answer 9

Emphasis on sport performance and health
Trained and licensed coaches
“Sport For All”

Question 10

Czech Sport Psychology

Answer 10

Intelligence- what is going on in the setting

Question 11

Methods Soviets used to train sport psychologists and to integrate them into the sport system?

Answer 11

Required training in psych
Required Good working relationship with the coach staff team
Practical expieriance in the sport is preferred

Question 12

Major reasons for controversy concerning the definition and use of the term “sport psychologist”

Answer 12

Not all sport psychologists are psychologists

There are no professional standards for membership

Question 13

How old is sport psychology?

Answer 13

First article was written in the 1895- Fitz published

Question 14

When did the contemporary period of sport psychology begin?

Answer 14

1960’s (65)

Question 15

What are the major events that characterize the contemporary period?

Answer 15

Creation of professional sport psychology organizations
The movement was both National and International
Organizations begain to publish sport psychology research journals

Question 16

Presently, what is the major research focus of sport psychology in the United States?

Answer 16

Providing performance enhancement services to athletes.

Question 17

What 3 forms of evidence are most commonly used to support US Sport Psychology practices and what sort of weaknesses have been found with these forms?

Answer 17

Borrowed Theory
Expert Testimony
Personal Experience

Question 18

Problems and limitations of Borrowed Theory?

Answer 18

Out of date and not necessarily specifically for athletes

Question 19

Problems and limitations for Personal experience?

Answer 19

Can be manipulated, can be either useful or misleading

Question 20

Problems and limitations with expert testimony

Answer 20

Based on personal experience

Question 21

What percent of sport psychologists are psychologists?

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

What is an erogenic aid?

Answer 22

Something used to increase performance in the athletic spectrum

Question 23

What are the two categories of ergogenic aids?

Answer 23

Substances

Phenomena

Question 24

What issues surround Phenomena?

Answer 24

jh

Question 25

What are the major steps of the Scientific ideal?

Answer 25

Identify a problem Come up with a practical solution Test hypothesis Conduct new hypothesis

Question 26

Definition of model

Answer 26

A simple description of some aspect of reality "More is better"

Question 27

Definition of Theory

Answer 27

A more complex, complete and sophisticated description or explanation of reality " the overload principle"

Question 28

Definition of Hypothesis

Answer 28

An educated guess based off of reality

Question 29

How is conducting research study both similar and different from what a coach does?

Answer 29

Both: Evaluate results Coach: uses a training system Scientist: conduct a research study

Question 30

What are the three levels of science?

Answer 30

Explanation/Casuality- Hardest Prediction Description- Simplest

Question 31

What are five types of research techniques?

Answer 31

``` Laboratory experiment- None/Low Laboratory simulation-Some Field Experiment-High Field Study-High Survey- Doesnt apply ```

Question 32

What is ecological validity?

Answer 32

The degree of "realism" that is incorporated into a study

Question 33

Why do we use Ecological validity?

Answer 33

Important for studies that have practical or applied consequences but is not always necessary or desirable

Question 34

What is external validity?

Answer 34

The degree in which your findings can be applied to the population of interest (the target population)

Question 35

When is external validity important?

Answer 35

When you want the results to apply to a population with an unusual or specific characteristics

Question 36

Why is volunteerism important when you do research studies?

Answer 36

The tendency for people with certain characteristics to either volunteer or participate in research studies

Question 37

Difference between Acute and chronic?

Answer 37

``` Acute= short term Chronic= Long term ```