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Sport Psychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

People with higher levels of depression

A

Receive a greater benefit from exercise

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1
Q

What is the impact of exercise on mental health disorders?

A

Exercise decreases of mental health disorders especially depression

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2
Q

Thermogenic Hypothesis

A

Exercise raises body temperature several degrees

Reduces EMG levels

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3
Q

Monoamine Hypothesis

A

Exercise increases production of Monoamine hormones

Impact mental health

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4
Q

Endorphin Hypothesis

A

Exercise High

Endorphin is released in response to stress and results in analgesia (not feeling pain)

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5
Q

How do you test endorphin hypothesis?

A

Use blocking agents such as injections or pills

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6
Q

Purpose of using Blocking agents when testing endorphines

A

Eliminate endorphin from CNS

Giving during exercise allows you to determine if people feel better following exercise

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7
Q

Problems with Endorphin Hypothesis

A

Can’t confirm that endorphin production is consistently related to exercise intensity

Exercise can improve mood changes even when endorphins are blocked

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8
Q

Endorphin explanation remains

A

Tenative

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9
Q

Distraction Hypothesis

A

Exercise is superior to control conditions in reducing anxiety

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10
Q

Exercise may be nothing more than a for of

A

Distraction or “time-out” therapy

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11
Q

Distraction Hypothesis implies

A

Rigor of exercise has nothing to do with how you feel

Physiological consequences of exercise don’t effect mood

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12
Q

Acute Exercise

A

Psychological response to a single Workout

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13
Q

Acute Exercise effects what mood disorder?

A

Anxiety

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14
Q

Traditional Perspective

A

If you want psychological benefits, do not exercise too intensely

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15
Q

Aerobic activity is more effective than____________ for ____ exercise

A

Anaerobic exercise

Acute

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16
Q

Single Bout…

A

Lowers anxiety

Makes you feel better

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17
Q

Chronic Exercise

A

Psychological responses to a long-term program

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18
Q

Chronic Exercise Affects

A

Depression

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19
Q

Exercise effect on depression

A

Improvement was not significant over 12 weeks

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20
Q

Medication Vs. Exercise for Depression

A

Medication results in more rapid rate of improvement

The more depressed the stronger the improvement of medication

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21
Q

Least depressed participants responded quickest to….

A

Combined Treatment

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22
Q

Percent of American’s that complain of chronic stress

A

3/4

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23
Q

What percent of Americans suffer from a depressive illness

A

9.5%

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24
Benefits of exercise
Simple Availability Low Cost
25
Consequences of chronic exercise on anxiety and depression
Physical activity may trigger panic attack
26
Why have Physicians and clinicians advised anxiety patients to avoid exercise?
It is a risky behavior that can provoke panic attack
27
How do aerobic and anaerobic exercise affect anxiety?
In the same way
28
What is the best form of exercise for reducing anxiety
Acute aerobic exercise
29
People suffering from clinical depression and anxiety have found significant benefits from what type of exercise?
Chronic exercise programs
30
Exercise can improve your
Cognitive speed Control Execution
31
Strategies used to identify exercise addicts
Questionnaires | Exercise dependence scale
32
Weaknesses associated with these methods
You can't tell by looking at them Can't tell by asking them Only can tell by doing
33
Why is calling physical exercise an addiction controversial?
Addiction usually refers to drugs | Exercise can have a negative connotation
34
What are the major categories of symptoms of exercise addiction
``` Withdrawal Symptoms Mood disturbances- anxiety depression, irritability Sleep disturbances- More/less sleep Apetite changes- Eating disorder Physical Symptoms- soreness, cramps ```
35
What causes exercise addiction?
``` Physiological Endorphin Psychological Personality Traits Low Self-Esteem Body dissatisfaction ```
36
How to treat exercise addicts
Reduce training volume Reduce training stress Counseling/Psychotherapy
37
Challenges of exercise addiction treatment
Denial of problem Reluctant to seek medical care Want a quick fix Refuse advice to cross-train
38
What evidence supports endorphins promote exercise addiction?
There is none
39
What is the traditional view of sport psychology about the influence of anxiety to sport performance
Increased levels of anxiety have negative effects on performance
40
Stress
A stimulus or situation that is perceived as threatening which leads to anxiety
41
Stressor
An aspect of stress that can be measured and quatified
42
Anxiety
An emotional reaction consisting of unpleasant: Thoughts and worries Feelings Psychical changes
43
Arousal
A diffuse, global state of physiological activation that can range from deep sleep to extreme excitation
44
How do you measure arousal
Heart Rate Blood Pressure Stress Hormones
45
Most sport psychologists make the assumption that
Anxiety=Arousal
46
Traditional definition of arousal
State of physiological activation ranging from high to low
47
Physiological responses are not
Intercorrelated and differ between people
48
Physiological changes associated with arousal are...
Not correlated with anxiety
49
Simple Model
Stress and Anxiety are a continuous cycle
50
Behaviorl
Stimulus--->Stress---->Anxiety<----Response
51
Cognitive
Stress or Perception= Anxiety | Unidemensional- Any stress results in anxiety
52
Multidimensional
Stress or Perception can lead to either Eustress or Distress
53
Doc's Major coaching accomplishments
Won first big10 swimming championship Won 20 consecutive big10 championships 6 straight NCAA championships Head coach of 2 US Olympic Swim teams
54
What are Doc's own personal swimming accomplishments>
Set world record in 50m and 300yd breaststroke | Swam English Channel at 58
55
Swimming related inventions and technological innovations?
Pace clock Re-designed swim lanes Created and used cable machines for weight training Lift vs drag in different strokes
56
Doc's coaching methods and philosophy
Shotgun psychology- treat everyone on the team the same way Individual approach- talk to each athlete to discuss last min strategy or calm down Used humor Open-door policy Paid had to happen to get results
57
The multidimensional model features both
Eustress and Distress as being possible results of experiencing stress
58
Drive/Hullian Theory
Positive linear relationship between performance and anxiety More anxiety=Better Performance No evidence supporting it Coach yelling at players
59
Relaxation/Quiescence theory
Less anxiety better performance No evidence Meditation
60
Inverted-U Hypothesis/Yerke Dodson Law
Bell Curve with maximum performance being at moderate levels of aniety and minimum performance being at too much or too little anxiety
61
What does the Inverted-U predict?
For any given sport there is an optimal moderate level of anxiety
62
IZOF- Individual zones of Optimal Functioning
Each athlete possesses an optimal anxiety range associated with optimal performance, this range may lie anywhere on the continuum from low to high
63
What is the major problem with the Inverted U hypothesis
it doesn't account for difference between individual athletes
64
True or false: For IZOF The Sport is irrelevant
True
65
IZOF definition
Empirically based approach to anxiety and sport performance
66
3 IZOF results findings
1. Each individual athlete posses an optimal anxiety range associated with optimal performance 2. Range may lie anywhere on the anxiety continuum from extremely low to extremely high 3. Optimal anxiety range is not predictably influence by factors such as motor task requirements or skill
67
IZOF theory=
All athletes are different
68
What are the two methods of establishing optimal anxiety
Direct and Indirect
69
Direct
Anxiety is assessed prior to many competitions until a personal-best performance occurs
70
Disadvantage of direct method
Time Consuming | Best performances are rare
71
Indirect Method
Time saving alternative to direct approach Athletes can accurately recall feeling just before past performances Answer through a questionaire
72
Hanin's findings from indirect method
High correlation between recalled scores and actual level of anxiety
73
How much exercise is too much?
It depends
74
Effects of 3 days of 3 day exercise deprivation
Worst after day 2 | Starts to get better on day 3

Sport Psychology (4 decks)

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