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Sport Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Primary steps of After Only designs

A

Step 1: Randomly Assign your subjects to the groups: Experimental and Control
Step 2: Evaluate the results

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2
Q

Weakness of After Only

A

Difference could be due to chance

Example: Effect of glucose on strength

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3
Q

Steps of Before After Design

A

Step 1: Randomly assign your subjects
Step 2: Conduct a pre-test
Step 3: Administer treatment and retest groups
Step 4: Evaluate results

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4
Q

What is pre-test sanitization?

A

The effect of taking a test

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5
Q

What is the problem with pretest sanitization?

A

Holding Back
Learned Something
Discomfort

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6
Q

Solution to pre-test sanitization

A

Change the order of treatments

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7
Q

The Halo effect

A

The experimenter knows something about the participant

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8
Q

Rosenthal Effect

A

Caused by actions of experimenter, knows results based on hypothesis

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9
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

Participants behavior changes due to special treatment

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10
Q

What is the solution to the rosenthal and halo effects?

A

Single Blind test

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11
Q

Solution for Hawthorne Effect

A

Double Blind

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12
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

Cues or clues given by experimenter to the participant

Alert the participant to the hypothesis

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13
Q

Demand Characteristics result in….

A

The Rosenthal Effect

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14
Q

What is the pact of ignorance?

A

The participant does not admit to knowing the hypothesis or altering behavior

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15
Q

When placebos are present in a double blind study

A

Total Blind

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16
Q

What is the definition of personality?

A

Temporally stable
Cross- situational individual differences
Related to cognition emotions/feelings, and behavior

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17
Q

What factors influence the development of personality

A

Genetics
Environment
Developmental factors

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18
Q

<p>

| What factors are personality related to? 5 Characteristics</p>

A 
<p>
	Current theory identifies: </p>
<p>
	Openness to experience</p>
<p>
	Conscientiousness</p>
<p>
	Extraversion</p>
<p>
	Agreeableness</p>
<p>
	Neuroticisim</p>
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19
Q

Two categories of measures used in personality research

A

Projective

Non-Projective

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20
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Projective measures

A

Pros: Reveal unconscious thoughts, Hidden emotions and internal conflict
Cons: Rely mostly on clinical judgement, lack of reliability and validity

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21
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of Non-Projective measures

Study These Flashcards
A

Pros- More valid, results don’t rely on examiners beliefs and interpretation
Cons- Depend on subjects open and honestness

22
Q

Projective measures

Study These Flashcards
A

Get information about psychological traits from interpretation

23
Q

Non Projective

Study These Flashcards
A

Questionaires measure specific psychological variables

24
Q

What is test validity

Study These Flashcards
A

Degree to which a personality test measures what it claims to meaure

25
How to determine if personality test is truly Valid
3 Types of validity: Predictive Content Construct: MUST
26
Predictive Validity
A correlation between the test score and a behavior | Examples: SAT,GRE, LSAT, Wonderlic
27
Content Validity
The content on the test must accurately reflect the behavior or skill of interest Examples: academic, fitness, driving, typing tests
28
Contruct validity is measured through what two forms of evidence?
Convergent | Discriminant
29
Convergent evidence
The test must be substantially related with other measures of the same test or similar tests
30
Why should the ACT, SAT, GRE and LSAT all be similar
They are measuring similar skills
31
What is discriminant evidence
The test must not be substantially related with measures of test that are logically or theoretically dissimilar
32
Hand eye coordination, SAT score and Extroversion being unrelated is an exable of
Discriminant evidence
33
Summary of Gravitation
Personality difference between athletes and non athletes Participation does not result in personality change Personality changes are pre-existing (Born with)
34
Summary of Change
Personality changes occur after sport participation only for athletes
35
Define mental health model of performance
Psychopathology is inversely correlated with sports performance Example: mental illness grows-> performance diminishes
36
Psychological measures used in health model of performance
``` Tension Depression Anger Vigor Fatigue Used to predict successful and unsuccessful athletes ```
37
The 1972 US Mens wrestling team and the 1975 US mens rowing show us:
Successful athletes were higher in positive psych varilables and lower in negative psych variables
38
Reasons mental health model approach should not be used
Prediction levels don't reach accuracy levels Misidentified Some athletes have intermediate profiles Doesn't account for important physiological factors in success Ethical issues
39
How successful is the mental health model approach
Consistently identified at 70-85% for success
40
What factors associated with extraversion may contribute to athletic success?
Positively associated with perceptual reduction and physical strength
41
What does research indicate regarding pain perception in athletes?
Athletes- Perceptual reducers | Contact sport athletes- Higher degree of perceptual reduction
42
What % of the American public is currently physically active?
Less than 1/2 the population Female: 42% Male: 45%
43
What is the trend for psychical activity over the past two decades?
Essentially there has been no change
44
What percentage of exercisers are training regularly and intensively enough to actually improve fitness
22% (1 out of 5 adults)
45
Average dropout rate to an exercise program?
55%
46
When is the major drop out period?
6-8 weeks
47
Define the abstinence violation
All or Nothing Syndrome | A single exercise session is missed it may lead to feelings of inadequacy or failure at exercise
48
How to prevent Abstinence Violation
Education Determine what is an acceptable miss Identify high risk situations for missing Flexible programs that emphasize success
49
Smart Method
Specific- more specific= easier problem solving solutions Measurable- not accountable unless quantified Action-Oriented- take personal responsibility Reasonable= expectations Timed= short term is best, daily or weekly goals
50
Goals influence performance by
Directing activity Mobilizing effort Increasing persistence Motivationg the search for appropriate task strategies
51
Two types of reinforcement that influence motivation
Intrinsic rewards- body image, mood change, body satisfaction Extrinsic rewards- money praise prizes

Sport Psychology (4 decks)

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