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Ag genetics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Genotype

A

The Genetic Make-up of an individual

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2
Q

Interaction

A

A dependent relationship among components of a system in which the effects of any one component depends on the other components present in the system

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3
Q

Performance Testing

A

Systematic measurement of phenotype in a population

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4
Q

Epistasis

A

An interaction among genes at different loci such that the expression of genes at one locus depends on the alleles present at one or more other loci

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5
Q

Polygenic

A

A trait affected by many genes, no single gene having an overriding influence

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6
Q

Threshold

A

A polygenic trait in which phenotypes are expressed in categories

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7
Q

Testing mating

A

A mating designed to reveal the genotype of an individual for a small number of loci

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8
Q

Selection

A

A process which determines which individuals become parents

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9
Q

Crossbreeding

A

Having parents of different breeds or breed combinations

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10
Q

F1

A

First generation of crosses between two unrelated populations

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11
Q

Culling

A

The process that determines which parents will no longer remain parents

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12
Q

Segregation

A

The separation of paired genes during germ cell formation

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13
Q

Breeding value

A

The value of an individual as a genetic parent

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14
Q

Heritability

A

A measure of the strength of a relationship between breeding values and phenotypic values for a trait in a population

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15
Q

Germ Plasm

A

Genetic Material in the form of live animals, semen, or embryos

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16
Q

allele

A

an alternative form of a gene

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17
Q

progeny

A

info on the genotype or performance of descendants of an individual

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18
Q

Breeding true

A

In simple inheritance, when two parents w/a given phenotype always produce offspring w/that same phenotype

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19
Q

Accuracy

A

A measure of the strength of the relationship between true values and their predictions

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20
Q

Fixation

A

The point at which a particular allele becomes the only allele at its locus in a population and frequency of the allele becomes one

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21
Q

Heterosis

A

A dependent relationship among components of a system in which the effects of any one component depends on the other components present in the system

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22
Q

Genotypic frequency of P

A

AA

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23
Q

Homozygous Recessive

A

aa

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24
Q

Genotypic Frequency= 2pq

A

Aa

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25
Heterozygous
Aa
26
Genotypic Frequency = q^2
aa
27
Frequency increased in Crossbreeding
Aa
28
In complete dominance, which genotype would have a different phenotype than the other two
aa
29
In overdominance, which genotype usually expresses a phenotype that has the most breeding value.
Aa
30
In complete dominance, which genotype would most likely to be lethal
aa
31
In partial dominance which genotype would be selected despite the presence of an undesirable allele
Aa
32
Avg. Daily gain in livestock
polygenic
33
Most lethal or semi-lethal alleles
simply-inherited
34
Threshold traits
polygenic
35
Tend to be qualitative
simply-inherited
36
Presence of horns in cattle
simply-inherited
37
Which sex-related trait is involved with scurs in cattle?
influence
38
which sex-related trait are antlers in deer?
limited
39
Which sex-related trait leads to calico cats
Linked
40
Lyonization causes differences
linked
41
Which inheritance is effected by hemizygosity
Sex-related
42
List Mendel's Laws of inheritance
Law of Segregation, Law of independent Assortment, Law of Dominance
43
WHich has the ZW Sex Chromosome
Hen (female in birds)
44
Which is hemizygous?
Bull
45
Which is the "default: pathway in sexual differetiation?
female
46
Which undergoes Lyonization
XX
47
Data providing info on the genotype or performance of ancestors of an individual
pedigree
48
T/F: Segregation and Independent Assortment occur during Meiosis
true
49
T/F: Dominant Genes are more common than recessive genes
False
50
Heritability of Reproductive or Fertility Traits in most animals
LOw
51
The frequency of a specific allele in a population
Gene
52
Increases homozygosity
inbreeding
53
List the 4 forces that change H-W E
Selection, Mutation Migration, random drift
54
What are the 2 processes used in Artificial Selection during animal breeding
culling and replacement selection
55
What mating system increases heterozygosity?
crossbreeding
56
Give two examples of physical environment
temperature and humidity
57
two exs. of fixed resources/management
size of farm and number of animals
58
two exs. of economics
cost of inputs and cost of outputs
59
Describe an ex. of phenotypic selection
Phenotypic selection is selecting based on physical aspects of an animal to breed. you dont know the genptype so your basing your selection off of what you see. Ex. mating a polled cow w/another polled bull expecting a polled calf even though you dont know the genes.
60
What is the H-W Equation?
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
61
WHat is the Jost Paradign?
Chromosomal Sex leads to Gonadal Sex. Gonadal Sex leads to Phenotypic Sex
62
Define Sex-linked
The pattern of inheritance for genes located on sec chromosomes (X or Y) ex. calico cats
63
Sex-limited
A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic expression is limited to one sex (gender). But the other gender still has alleles for trait. ex. boobs
64
Simply Inherited
A trait that only has one or a few genes that cause the trait. ex. coat color in dogs
65
What is population Genetics?
The study of factors affecting gene and genotypic frequencies in a population

Ag genetics (22 decks)

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