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Biology 103 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define biology

A

The study of life

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2
Q

What are the 5 characteristics that constitute life?

A

Complex organization, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction & growth, and movement (adaptations)

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3
Q

What is the order of organisms?

A

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere

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4
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment/ Observations, Conclusion, Scientific Theory

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5
Q

Describe Observation

A

New observations are made and previous data are studied

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6
Q

Describe Hypothesis

A

Input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement

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7
Q

Describe Experiment/ Observations

A

The hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations

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8
Q

Describe Conclusion

A

The results are analyzed, and the hypothesis is supported or rejected

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9
Q

Describe Scientific Theory

A

Many experiments and observations support a theory

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10
Q

Definition of Scientific Theory

A

A concept that joins together well supported and related hypotheses

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11
Q

Definition of Principle or Law

A

Reference to when a theory has been supported by experiments and observations over a long period of time

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12
Q

Define Data

A

Results of an experiment

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13
Q

Define Objective Data

A

fact-based, not distorted by personal feelings (ex. “Group A plants grew avg. 4” taller than Group B plants

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14
Q

Define factor

A

part or element that contributes to a result

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15
Q

Define Control Group

A

Goes through all the steps of the experiment, but the factor is not changed.

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16
Q

Define Experimental Group

A

Only one factor is manipulated in order to test the hypothesis

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17
Q

Define Experimental Variable (Independent Variable)

A

Factor of the experiment being tested

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18
Q

Define Responding Variable ( Dependent Variable)

A

Result or change that occurs due to the experimental variable

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19
Q

Define Phenomenon

A

An observable event

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20
Q

Define Unicellular

A

One celled organisms

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21
Q

Both Bacteria and Archaea are

A

Unicellular and prokaryotes

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22
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Cells that do not have a nucleus

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23
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Cells that have a nucleus

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24
Q

Eukarya contains

A

Unicellular and multicellular organisms that are eukaryotes

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25
Define Binomial Nomenclature
the system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific species
26
What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
27
What are the Six Kingdoms?
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria
28
Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi are
Multicellular and Eukaryotic
29
Protista are
Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular
30
Which 4 Kingdoms belong to the Domain Eukarya?
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista
31
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are
Unicellular and Prokaryotic
32
Define Taxonomy
Classification of organisms based on how they are thought to be related
33
Atom
smallest unit of matter that can enter into a chemical reaction
34
Molecule
Atoms that join together
35
Cell
Basic unit of life
36
Tissue
Several cells that work together
37
Organ
Several tissues that work together
38
Organ system
Organs that work together
39
Organism
Any living thing
40
Metabolism
chemical reactions that occur in the cell
41
Photosynthesis
Transfers solar energy to chemical energy (food) for the organism
42
Homeostasis
Maintaining normal internal conditions
43
Asexual Reproduction
1 parent produces 2 offspring that are genetically identical
44
Sexual Reproduction
2 parents produce offspring that are not identical
45
Inductive Reasoning
Creative thinking used to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole .
46
convergent evolution
Unrelated animals develop similar traits
47
Analogous structures
Structures with the same function for finding food on unrelated organisms.
48
What was Darwin's theory of evolution?
Proposed natural selection
49
Where was Darwin's theory of evolution?
Galapagos islands
50
When was Darwin's theory of evolution?
Late 18th century/ early 19th century
51
What animals were studied for Darwin's theory of evolution?
giant tortoises, iguanas, fur seals, sea lions, sharks, rays, and 26 species of native birds––14 of which make up the group known as Darwin’s finches.
52
What book did Charles Darwin write?
On the Origin of Species
53
Who showed that famine and death were inevitable because human populations increase faster than the supply of food?
Thomas Malthus
54
Who else had proposed evolution by natural selection?
Alfred Russel Wallace
55
Who used comparative anatomy and paleontology. He discovered a succession of species in different strata?
George Cuvier
56
Who believed that acquired traits could be passed from one generation to the next?
Jean- Baptiste de Lamarck
57
What do scientist study today today to determine evolutionary relatedness of organisms?
Fossil evidence
58
Homologous structures
structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor
59
Vestigal structures
anatomical features that are fully developed in one group of organisms but are reduced and may have no function in similar groups.
60
The branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms
Taxonomy
61
Who developed binomial nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
62
Taxonomy Hierarchy
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
63
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
64
Phylogenetic tree
a depiction of a groups evolutionary history
65
Systematics
study of the diversity of organisms to classify them and determine their evolutionary relationship.
66
Species
one specific type of organism
67
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
68
Atomic symbol
One or two letters are used for each of the elements
69
Atomic number
Number of protons the atom has
70
Mass number
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons an element contains
71
Energy
The ability to do work
72
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
73
Compound
Two or more elements that have bonded together
74
Molecule
The smallest part of a compound that still has the properties of that compound
75
Covalent bonds
Occur when two atoms share electrons
76
Nonpolar
Describes the bond when the electrons are shared evenly
77
Polar
Describes the bond when the electrons are shared unevenly.
78
Ions
Atoms with unequal protons and electrons have a charge
79
Ionic bonds
Occur when attractive forces hold together positive and negative ions.
80
NaCl (table salt)
Is an example of ionic bonding
81
Hydrogen bond
The attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen to slightly negative atoms
82
Cohesion
Water molecules cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding
83
Adhesion
Water molecules cling to other polar surfaces
84
Acids
are substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions(H+)
85
Bases
are substances that either take up hydrogen ions(H+) or release hydroxide ions(OH-)
86
Buffers
are chemicals that keep pH within normal limits
87
What are the six main elements found in the human body
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
88
Who discovered the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev

Biology 103 (6 decks)

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