Flashcards in Exam 1 Deck (68)
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1
All chromosomes apart from the sex chromosomes
Autosomes
2
A chromosome that is represented differently in the two different sexes
Sex chromosomes
3
Female homozygous for the recessive allele or males hemizygous for it display the recessive phenotype
X-linked recessive
4
heterozygous females and males hemizygous for the dominant allele express the dominant phenotype
X-linked dominant
5
Transcription factor needed for male-specific gene expression
SRY
6
PAR1 and PAR2, exist between the X and Y chromosomes
Pseudoautosomal regions
7
One of two X chromosomes in each female somatic cell is randomly inactivated
Random X inactivation hypothesis, Lyon hypothesis
8
Intermating group of individuals
Population
9
The relative frequency of a gene allele in a population
Gene Frequency
10
The relative frequency of a genotypic in a population
Genotypic Frequency
11
Relative frequency of a phenotype in a population
Phenotypic Frequency
12
The collection of alleles found in the members of a population
Gene pool
13
Describes the relationship of allele and genotype frequencies in populations
Hardy-Weinberg Law
14
In an "ideal" population that is infinitely large with random mating and not subject to any evolutionary forces allele and genotypic frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
15
Factor (gene) capable of masking the presence of a second factor (gene) in the expression of a phenotype
Dominant
16
Factor (gene) being masked by the dominant factor (gene)
Recessive
17
Heterozygote cannot be distinguished from the homozygous dominant
Complete Dominance
18
Heterozygote more closely resembles the homozygous dominant
Partial Dominance
19
The heterozygote is exactly halfway between the homozygous dominant and the homozygous recessive
No Dominance
20
The heterozygote exceeds the range established by the homozygous genotypes
Overdominance
21
Both alleles are expressed in separate and distinguishable manner
Codominance
22
The heterozygote exceeds the range established by the homozygous genotypes but can only be passed on from one direction
Example: Callipyge Sheep
Polar Overdominance
23
The proportion of individuals with a single gene mutation do not have an observable phenotype
Penetrance (incomplete)
24
Individuals with the same genotype exhibit varying degree in which the trait is expressed
Expressivity
25
Interaction among genes at different loci such that the expression of genes at one locus depends on the alleles present at one or more other loci. (masking-recessive)
Epistasis
26
Expression is absolutely limited to one sex
Sex-limited
27
The sex influences expression but is not limited to one sex
Sex-Influenced
28
Family trees, are a way of tracing the inheritance of traits in humans and animals
Pedigree
29
______ leads to extensive genetic variation
Independent assortment
30
