Exam 1 9/25 Kingsley Immuno Flashcards by Aditi Iyer

Specific immunity is a discrimination between:

self and nonself

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Immunologic memory allows immune response to be more:

rapid and robust

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Epitope

Antigenic determinant - where the antibody binds on the antigen

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Paratope

Part of the antibody that binds the epitope (on BCR)

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Secreted immunoglobin is mostly:

gamma globulin

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Structure of immunoglobin molecule

2 identical heavy chains, 2 identical light chains.

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Immunoglobulin is held together by

disulfide bridges

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Hinge region on antibody confers:

Flexibility

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Constant domain

Similar or constant amino acid sequence between different antibody molecules

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Variable domain

High variation in amino acid sequence between different antibody molecules

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Constant domains of heavy chain

CH1, CH2, CH3

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Variable region of heavy chain

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Constant domain of light chain

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Variable region of light chain

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Fab stands for:

fragment antibody binding

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Fab contains:

both heavy and light chains (VL, VH, CL, CH1)

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Fc stands for:

Fragment crystallizable

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Fc contains:

heavy chains only (CH2 and CH3)

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Secondary/anamnestic response allows for:

stronger and faster response upon subsequent encounters

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Immunologic memory is conferred in what type cells, and how?

B and T cells after activation –> creates memory cells

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antigen

ligand to specific antibody

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antibody

Immunoglobin that ligates with antigen

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Immunogen

Stimulates immune response

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Immunogen can be either _____ or _____

humoral or cell mediated

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True or false: an immunogen does not have to be an antigen

True - they are not always the exact same thing. ex) capsulated bacteria - good antigen but poor immunogen

Another name for antibody

Immunoglobulins

One clone of B cell will make:

One type of antibody

Why is the hinge region of an antibody important?

Flexibility allows for antibodies to bind to antigen easier. Otherwise they can only bind if there is enough space

Which regions of the antibody would be the paratope?

VH, VL, or both

Fab light chain domains

VL, CL

Fab heavy chain

VH, CH1

What part of the antibody contains three distinct variable regions?

Fab VL and VH

Within the variable region of the antibody, "hypervariable region" refers to:

high amino acid sequence variability

The antibody hypervariable region is unique to:

each specific monoclonal antibody

Idiotype

what the antibody binds; only one type of VH and VL

CH2 has _____ binding site

complement

What do CH2 and CH3 bind in the Fc region?

Fc receptors

Complement fixation - what protein binds where?

globular heads of C1q bind to CH2 domain

Opsonization occurs through binding of:

CH3 bind Fc receptors on phagocytic cells

Regarding their structure, antibodies are _____

symmetrical

Antibody molecules contain what isotypes?

1. only one light chain isotype - K or lambda 2. only one heavy chain isotype - mu, gamma, alpha, epsilon, delta

What is antibody class determined by?

Protein structure of heavy chain constant domain

Which Ig is predominant in serum?

IgG

Which Ig fixes complement?

IgM, IgG (IgG1/3)

Which Ig can cross placenta to get to the embryo/fetus?

IgG

Which Ig is produced first in immune response?

IgM

Which Ig is predominant in secretions (mucosal immunity)?

IgA

Which Ig is produced the most?

IgA

Which Ig is involved with allergies and anti-helminth immunity?

IgE

Which Ig is a transmembrane antigen receptor on naive B cells?

IgD (with IgM)

Which Ig forms a pentamer?

IgM

Which Ig forms a dimer?

IgA

IgG is a ____ with ____ antigen binding sites

monomer; 2

What is special about subclass IgG3?

Hinge region is 4x larger, recognizes very specific hard to reach molecular motifs

IgM has an extra:

CH domain (CH4)

How are CH domains linked in IgM?

J-chain

Which Ig is most efficient at agglutination?

IgM

Which Ig is most efficient at complement fixation?

IgM

Can IgM be secreted?

Yes

Which conformation of IgM is efficient at fixing or activating complement?

Crab conformation (bound IgM)

Which conformation of IgM does not fix complement?

Star; unbound IgM

Serum IgA is a:

monomer

True or false: Serum IgA can activate classical complement pathway

False

Serum IgA is a poor:

opsonin

Secretory IgA has how many binding sites?

4 (dimer)

Secretory IgA is linked by:

J-chain

Secretory IgA has a ___ ___

secretory piece

Features of IgA1

extended hinge region, wider reach

Features of IgA2

truncated or missing hinge region, narrow reach

IgE has an extra:

CH comain (CH4)

IgE binds to:

FcE receptors on basophils/mast cells (CH4 region binds) --> leads to mast cell degranulation

What Ig do naive B cells have?

IgM and IgD (transmembrane)

Memory B cells possess what Ig?

IgG, IgA, IgE

When an antigen activates B cells, plasma cell secretes:

IgM

What kind of bonds form between antibody and antigen?

Non-covalent (hydrogen, van der waals, electrostatic, hydrophobic)

Affinity

strength of binding between antigen and antibody

Avidity

1. Number of bonds between antibody and antigen (IgA and IgM have more) 2. strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen

Avidity compensates for:

low affinity

___ has low affinity but high avidity

IgM

When would cross reactivity occur in an antibody?

Antibodies may recognize similar antigens or epitopes

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Low level of antibodies

Agammaglobulinemia

No antibodies

XLA stands for:

X-linked (Bruton's) agammaglobulinemia

What causes XLA?

Mutation on X chromosome, causing deletion or mutation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk/BTK), don't have B cells

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a critical role in:

B-cell development --> no B cells, no antibodies

CVID stands for

Common variable immunodeficiency

In patients with CVID, they have a low Ig count of:

IgM, IgA, IgG

True or false: patients with CVID can have a normal B cell count

True - but no plasma cells, therefore no antibodies

Causes of CVID

wide range, can be B or T cell linked

Hyper IgM syndrome features

Normal B cell number, more IgM, but no IgG, IgA, or IgE

Hyper IgM is essentially a failure of:

class switching from IgM to other isotypes

Type I Hyper-IgM syndrome is also known as:

X-linked hyper IgM

Selective IgA deficiency causes patients to make more ___

IgM (compensatory effect)

The most common immunodeficiency is:

selective IgA deficiency (1:500)

Exam 1 9/25 Kingsley Immuno Flashcards

(94 cards)