Exam 1 - Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

a substance that releases H ions

Answer 1

acid

Question 2

a substance that takes up H

Answer 2

base

Question 3

substances that can react as an acid or as a base

Answer 3

buffers

Question 4

What is acid-base balance?

Answer 4

Process of regulating pH, HCO3 concentration, and PaCO2

Question 5

process of resisting changes in pH when acids or bases are added or removed

Answer 5

acid buffering

Question 6

removal of acids from the body

Answer 6

acid excretion

Question 7

What are the two key systems in acid-base balance?

Answer 7

Renal, respiratory

Question 8

Name the 4 main risk factors for acid-base balance

Answer 8

(1) Changes with aging
(2) decreased kidney function
(3) decreased lung elasticity
(4) underlying conditions that impact respiratory and renal function

Question 9

What is the goal of acid-base balance?

Answer 9

Maintain arterial blood pH of 7.35-7.45

Question 10

Name the 3 acid-base regulation systems

Answer 10

(1) Buffer system
(2) Respiratory system
(3) Renal system

Question 11

What is the most powerful regulation system?

Answer 11

Renal

Question 12

What is the first line of defense for regulation?

Answer 12

Buffer system

Question 13

What is the primary ECF buffer system?

Answer 13

H2CO3 / HCO3

Question 14

Respiratory is associated with more _____ conditions than metabolic

Answer 14

neurological s/s

Question 15

Respiratory acidosis causes

Answer 15

Hypoventilation
Inadequate chest expansion
COPD, pneumonia, Atelectasis
Muscle weakness
Airway obstruction
Narcotics

Question 16

Respiratory acidosis clinical manifestations

Answer 16

Headache
Decreased LOC
Hypoventilation
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Rapid, shallow respirations
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension

Question 17

Metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 17

(1) Increased H production
(2) Decreased H elimination
(3) Decreased HCO3 production
(4) Increase HCO3 elimination
(5) Thyroid storm

Question 18

DKA is associated with ____ ____ d/t _____.

Answer 18

metabolic acidosis; increased H production

Question 19

Kidney infection is associated with _____ ____ d/t ______

Answer 19

metabolic acidosis; decreased H elimination

Question 20

Dehydration and liver failure are both associated with which imbalance d/t what?

Answer 20

Metabolic acidosis; decreased HCO3 production

Question 21

Diarrhea and GI drains are associated with which imbalance? d/t what?

Answer 21

metabolic acidosis; increase HCO3 elimination

Question 22

Metabolic acidosis clinical manifestations

Answer 22

Headache, confusion
Decreased muscle tone and reflexes
Warm, flushed skin
N/V
Kussmaul respiration
Hyperkalemia

Question 23

Deep, labored, and rapid breathing pattern

Answer 23

Kussmaul Respiration

Question 24

Respiratory alkalosis causes

Answer 24

Hyperventilation
Fear, acute pain, anxiety
CNS disorders
Mechanical ventilation
Metabolic acidosis

Question 25

Respiratory alkalosis clinical manifestations

Answer 25

Hyperventilation Tachycardia Lightheadedness N/V N/T of extremities Hypokalemia Seizures

Question 26

Metabolic Alkalosis causes

Answer 26

(1) Gain of HCO3 (2) Loss of H

Question 27

What can lead to a gain of HCO3, and ultimately metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 27

(1) Diuretics (2) Antacids (3) Massive blood transfusion

Question 28

What can lead to a loss of H, and ultimately metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 28

(1) Prolonged vomiting (2) Gastric suctioning

Question 29

Metabolic alkalosis clinical manifestations

Answer 29

Hypoventilation Confusion Dizziness NVD Hypokalemia

Question 30

____ can more easily cross the blood-brain barrier, compared to ____

Answer 30

CO2; HCO3

Question 31

What is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 31

DKA

Question 32

Clinical management of Acid-Base balance disorders include prevention, such as...

Answer 32

(1) smoking cessation (2) sufficient oral intake

Question 33

Collaborative interventions for acid-base balance disorders include...

Answer 33

(1) respiratory support (2) F&E support (3) safety and support

Question 34

The most important part of nursing intervention for acid-base disorders is what?

Answer 34

Assessment! Monitoring for complications, effectiveness of Tx, symptoms, underlying cause, etc.

Question 35

One piece of nursing education that nurses can provide is what?

Answer 35

Management of chronic underlying conditions