Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebra?
ant bear, 3-toed sloth
Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebra?
2-toed sloth and manatee
Whcih vertebra are typical cervicals?
C3-C6
Whuch vertebra are atypical vertebra?
C1, C2, C7
What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebra body from the cranial view?
rectangular
What is the apperacnce of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?
posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters
What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?
posterior or kypohotic
What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
the intervertebral disc height
What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
anterior or lordotic
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
What is the effect of againg on the cervical vertebral body?
it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove, posterior groove, and right and left uncincate processes
What are the names of the alteral modificiation of the superior epiphyseal rim?
uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip
At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?
3rd-4th fetal month
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior lip, posterior lip, and right and left lateral grooves
What is the joint classificaiton for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body
costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
what muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intetransversarii
What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
splenius capitis, ilicostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posteior scalene, rotates, and posteior intertransversarii
What muscles will attachto the costotransverse bar?
middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii
What is the name given to the collective rib-forming region?
the pleurapophysis
What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?
60 degress anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degress inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
the carotid tubercle
What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?
the commone carotid artery
What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
the groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
What is the classic angulation of typical cervical vertebra?
40-45 degress from the coronal plane
Recent work suggests what angulation for a typical cervical articular facet?
55-60 degrees
What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?
backward, upward, and medial (BUM)
What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?
forward, lateral and downward (FoLD)
What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?
longissumis capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, and rotators
What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?
the semispinalis capitis, multifidus, and rotator longus
The greatest range of flexion-extensionamong the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?
typically C5/6
What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?
lateral bending and axial rotation
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertbral couples?
the C2/3, C3/4, C4/5 vertebral couples
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?
the C5/6 vertebral couple
What is the usual condition for the Caucasion typical cervical spinous process?
they are bifid
What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?
they are non-bifid
What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?
the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotators, and interspinalis
What forms the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foreamen for the C4 spinal nerve?
the lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka