EXAM #1 (Ch. 1 + 2) Flashcards
(40 cards)
define abdominopelvic cavity
extends from diaphragm to bony pelvis
what two parts are the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity, larger superior
pelvic
define peritoneum
double-walled membranous sac that encloses cavity
inner: visceral peritoneum
outer: parietal peritoneum
define retroperitoneum
space behind peritoneum
kidneys and pancreas lie in this space
why should a patient be given a gown
to reduce risk of artifacts showing on x-ray
what is bad about having a kVp range that is too high
over penetration of some structures
how many inches for SID of abdomen
40 inches
what should you keep in mind regarding ID markers
right and left markers must be included
when should exposures for abdominal procedures be made
at the end of expiration (held)
essential projections: abdomen
AP supine and upright
AP lateral decubitus
Anteroposterior (AP), supine, and upright positions*
Posteroanterior (PA), upright position
AP, left lateral decubitus position*
Lateral, R or L
Lateral, R or L dorsal decubitus position
what is a KUB
kidneys, ureters, and bladder
aka flat plate
AP abdomen supine
position?
include what?
patient position:
supine, without rotation
knees supported
include pubic symphysis
where is the border (Where to stop) for the collimated field
about one inch outside skin’s shadow on table
body habits considerations (where to place IRs)
2 14x17s in a T shape using 2 inches above iliac crest as a reference point
(use fingers to measure
two fingertips = one inch
three knuckles = two inches)
what does a PA reduce
gonadal dose and should be considered when kidneys are not of primary interest
AP abdomen, when should a left lateral decubitus
when looking for the liver
when is a lateral abdomen, dorsal decubitus used
when patient cannot stand or lie on side
which of the following might be used to demonstrate a pneumoperitoneum
A. upright, AP projection
B. left lateral decubitus
C. dorsal decubitus
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
to include the diaphragm on upright positions, AP projections of the abdomen, the central ray is centered to…
2 inches above the crest
where should your markers go for an abdomen x-ray
lower right near hip
define abdominopelvic cavity
extends from diaphragm to bony pelvis
what two parts are the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity, larger superior
pelvic
define peritoneum
inner?
outer?
double-walled membranous sac that encloses cavity
inner: visceral peritoneum
outer: parietal peritoneum
define retroperitoneum
space behind peritoneum
kidneys and pancreas lie in this space
