FINAL EXAM Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
According to the text, which of the following breathing techniques should be used for an AP projection
of the humerus?
suspended respiration
full inspiration
full expiration
shallow breathing
A
suspended respiration
2
Q
According to the text, which of the following should be in the same plane for a lateral projection of the elbow? (1) Wrist joint (2) Elbow joint (3) Shoulder joint
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
A
1, 2, and 3
3
Q
For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the:
second MCP joint
third MCP joint
fourth MCP joint
third PIP joint
A
third MCP joint
4
Q
The first bone located on the proximal row and lateral side of the wrist is called the:
trapezoid
trapezium
lunate
scaphoid
A
scaphoid
5
Q
According to the text, which of the following methods is used when the arm cannot be abducted for the standard AP or lateral projection of the humerus?
Stecher
Lawrence
Norgaard
Gaynor-Hart
A
Lawrence
6
Q
Rotating the arm medially for a lateral projection of the humerus will place the epicondyles:
at a 30degree angle with the plane of the IR
at a 45degree angle with the plane of the IR
parallel with the plane of the IR
perpendicular with the plane of the IR
A
perpendicular with the plane of the IR
7
Q
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the:
radial head
trochlea
lateral epicondyle
ulnar coronoid process
A
radial head
8
Q
The central ray for a PA projection of the wrist is directed to the:
radiocarpal joint
scaphoid
midcarpal area
third CMC joint
A
midcarpal area
9
Q
If a patient is unable to extend the forearm for an AP projection of the elbow, how many projections are necessary to avoid distortion of the joint?
2
3
4
5
A
2
10
Q
Flexing the fingers for a PA projection of the wrist causes which of the following:
placement of the carpal bones farther from the IR
placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR
less pain for the patient when the wrist is broken
greater resolution of the carpal interspaces
A
placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR
11
Q
For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are:
perpendicular to the IR
parallel to the IR
superimposed over each other
not clearly seen
A
parallel to the IR
12
Q
The PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method) clearly demonstrates the:
lunate
capitate
scaphoid
distal row of carpal bones
A
scaphoid
13
Q
For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed:
45 degrees
80 degrees
90 degrees
120 degrees
A
90 degrees
14
Q
The lateral projection of the forearm should clearly demonstrate which of the following?
(1) Elbow joint
(2) Radius and ulna
(3) Proximal row of carpal bones
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
A
1, 2, and 3
15
Q
According to the text, when performing a lateral projection of the wrist, the elbow must be flexed:
0 degrees
25 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees
A
90 degrees
16
Q
The carpal bones articulate with the:
(1) Radius
(2) Ulna
(3) Phalanges
1 only
2 only
3 only
1, 2, and 3
A
1 only
17
Q
Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the
IR?
lateral
prone
supine
45 degrees oblique
A
supine
18
Q
The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrates the:
trapezium
trapezoid
hamate
scaphoid
A
scaphoid
19
Q
For a PA projection of the second digit, the central ray is directed to the
distal interphalangeal joint
proximal interphalangeal joint
metacarpophalangeal joint
carpometacarpal joint
A
proximal interphalangeal joint
20
Q
The hand consists of how many bones?
8
14
27
32
A
27
21
Q
How many phalanges are there in the hand?
14
27
30
32
A
14
22
Q
How much is the body rotated for a PA oblique projection of the shoulder?
30 degrees
45 degrees
60 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
A
45 to 60 degrees
23
Q
When the patient is positioned properly for a lateral projection of the scapula, the body of the scapula
will be:
perpendicular to the plane of the IR
parallel with the plane of the IR
at a 30degree
angle to the plane of the IR
at a 60degree
angle to the plane of the IR
A
perpendicular to the plane of the IR
24
Q
How should the central ray be angled for the AP projection (Pearson method) of the AC joints?
0 degrees
5 degrees cephalad
7 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad
A
0 degrees
25
Which of the following bones makes up the shoulder girdle?
(1) Humerus
(2) Scapula
(3) Clavicle
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
26
If the patient places the palm of the hand against the thigh, the humerus will be in:
lateral position
external rotation
internal rotation
neutral position
neutral position
27
How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the
shoulder joint?
20 degrees toward the affected side
20 degrees away from the affected side
35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side
35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
28
In order to elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection, the phase of respiration should be:
full inspiration
full expiration
shallow breathing
suspended respiration
full inspiration
29
The respiration phase for an AP projection of the shoulder should be:
inspiration
expiration
suspended
shallow breathing
suspended
30
Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in external rotation?
lesser tubercle
greater tubercle
scapulohumeral joint
acromioclavicular joint
greater tubercle
31
The acromial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the:
glenoid cavity
coracoid process
sternal extremity of the clavicle
acromion process of the scapula
acromion process of the scapula
32
For delineation of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula in the lateral projection, the arm is positioned as follows:
flex the elbow and place the hand on the anterior abdomen
flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax
extend the arm upward and rest the forearm on the head
extend the arm straight down at the side in the anatomical position
flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax
33
When the arm cannot be rotated or abducted due to injury, which of the following can be used to
perform a lateral projection of the shoulder?
Tangential projection, Settegast method
PA axial projection, Holmblad method
Transthoracic lateral projection, Lawrence method
AP projection, Pearson method
Transthoracic lateral projection, Lawrence method
34
For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position, the epicondyles of the
humerus should be:
parallel with the plane of the IR
perpendicular with the plane of the IR
45 degrees with the plane of the IR
60 degrees with the plane of the IR
45 degrees with the plane of the IR
35
For an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation, the epicondyles of the
humerus should be:
perpendicular to the plane of the IR
parallel to the plane of the IR
45 degrees with the plane of the IR
60 degrees with the plane of the IR
perpendicular to the plane of the IR
36
The centralray
angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is:
15 degrees
25 degrees
15 to 25 degrees
15 to 30 degrees
15 to 30 degrees
37
```
Which of the following positions of the humerus are commonly used when performing an AP
projection of the shoulder?
(1) External rotation
(2) Neutral rotation
(3) Internal rotation
```
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
38
Two exposures are commonly made of the AC joints—one without weights and one with weights. According to the text, how are the weights applied?
affixed to the elbows
affixed to the wrists
held in the hands
held by the fingers
affixed to the wrists
39
PA oblique projection of the shoulder (scapular Y) is performed to evaluate:
carcinoma
fractures
dislocations
soft tissue swelling
dislocations
40
The AP projection of the AC joints places the joints at an increased OID. Which of the following is the
recommended SID to compensate for this distance?
40 inches
48 inches
72 inches
120 inches
72 inches
41
What is the centralray
angle for the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder joint?
0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
10 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
0 degrees
42
How is the arm positioned for an AP scapula?
abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed
abducted 90 degrees, forearm extended
adducted, lateral rotation
adducted, medial rotation
abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed
43
How far should the arm be abducted for an inferosuperior projection of the shoulder joint?
15 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees
90 degrees
44
Which of the following structures is projected in lateral profile on a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection?
humerus
scapula
clavicle
acromion
scapula
45
Which of the following projections clearly demonstrates the glenoid cavity?
AP
PA oblique (scapular Y)
AP oblique (Grashey)
Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)
AP oblique (Grashey)
46
The large, rounded, elevated process prominently located on the lateral surface of the proximal
humerus is the:
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
greater tubercle
47
Which of the following projections can be used to demonstrate the clavicle?
(1) AP or PA
(2) AP axial
(3) PA axial
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
48
In order to demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus on an AP projection of the shoulder, the
epicondyles must be:
in a neutral position
at a 45degree
angle with the plane of the IR
parallel with the plane of the IR
perpendicular with the plane of the IR
parallel with the plane of the IR
49
The Pearson method is an AP projection of the:
shoulder joint
proximal humerus
scapulohumeral joint
acromioclavicular articulation
acromioclavicular articulation
50
The rounded head of the humerus fits into an oval depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula
called the:
neck
acromion
lateral angle
glenoid cavity
glenoid cavity
51
What is the centralray
angulation for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder
joint?
0 degrees
5 degrees
0 to 5 degrees
5 to 10 degrees
0 degrees
52
Which of the following will be directly superimposed over the junction of the Y on the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection?
humerus
humeral head
coracoid process
acromion process
humeral head
53
For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter:
1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
1 inch inferior to the acromion
2 inches inferior to the coracoid process
2 inches inferior to the acromion
1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
54
For the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder, the body is rotated so that the midcoronal
plane is how many degrees from the IR?
25 degrees
45 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
25 to 60 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
55
The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip (DaneliusMiller)
is:
inspiration
expiration
suspended respiration
shallow breathing
suspended respiration
56
Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip
(DaneliusMiller)?
1 parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck
2 its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest
3 perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
57
How much should the thighs be abducted for the AP oblique projection of the femoral necks (modified
Cleaves method)?
10 degrees
20 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
45 degrees
58
What is the recommended collimated field size for an AP hip?
6 × 6 inches (15 × 15 cm)
8 × 10 inches (18 × 24 cm)
10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm)
14 × 17 inches (35 × 43 cm)
10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm)
59
Which of the following will be shown "in profile" if the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis?
lesser trochanters
greater trochanters
anterior superior iliac spines
anterior inferior iliac spines
greater trochanters
60
The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
45 degrees
50 degrees
40 to 50 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
45 degrees
61
Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?
Chassard-Lapiné
modified Cleaves
Danelius-Miller
Lauenstein, Hickey
Danelius-Miller
62
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis?
full expiration
full inspiration
suspended respiration
shallow breathing
suspended respiration
63
Which of the following best describes the female pelvis?
1 heavy bones
2 oval inlet
3 wide outlet
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
64
What is the centralray
angle for an AP projection of the hip?
15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
perpendicular
perpendicular
65
The hip bone is composed of which of the following:
1 ilium
2 pubis
3 ischium
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
66
The longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body is the:
femur
pelvis
skull
humerus
femur
67
How many degrees should the feet and lower limbs be internally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph?
5 to 10 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
68
Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral projection of the hip
(DaneliusMiller)?
1 perpendicular to the IR
2 perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck
3 perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
69
Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral projection?
Cleaves
modified Cleaves
Danelius-Miller
Lauenstein, Hickey
Lauenstein, Hickey
70
How many degrees is the lower limb and foot rotated internally for an AP hip?
5 degrees
12 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
30 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
71
The ilia articulate with the sacrum posteriorly at the:
hip joint
pubic symphysis
sacroiliac joint
lumbar-5 and sacral-1 area
sacroiliac joint
72
Which of the following rami are a part of the pubis?
1 superior
2 inferior
3 ischial
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
73
Which of the following IR sizes, and which position, are used for the AP projection of the hip?
10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm), crosswise
10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm), lengthwise
14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm), lengthwise
14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm), crosswise
10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm), lengthwise
74
How far apart should the heels be placed in order to internally rotate the lower limbs for an AP pelvis?
8 inches
10 inches
15 inches
8 to 10 inches
8 to 10 inches
75
The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at an approximate angle of:
15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
20 to 25 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
76
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP hip?
the midsagittal plane (MSP) at the level of the ASIS
a sagittal plane 2 inches lateral from MSP at the level of the pubic symphysis
2 1/2 inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between ASIS and pubic symphysis
a sagittal plane 3 inches medial to the ASIS
2 1/2 inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between ASIS and pubic symphysis
77
How much is the central ray angled for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
0 degrees
10 degrees
12 degrees
15 degrees
0 degrees
78
Which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point?
acetabulum
ischial spine
anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
anterior superior iliac spine
79
Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis?
midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
at the level of the ASIS
at the level of the pubic symphysis
2 inches below the iliac crest
midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
80
Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (DaneliusMiller).
How many degrees of rotation are required?
10 degrees
15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
81
What is the centralray
entrance point for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the
acetabulum?
2 inches superior to the ASIS
2 inches inferior to the ASIS
3 inches superior to the ASIS
3 inches inferior to the ASIS
2 inches inferior to the ASIS
82
```
How many phalanges are in the foot?
Selected Answer: 14
Answers: 5
7
14
26
```
14
83
Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile?
AP
AP oblique, 15 to 20degree internal rotation
AP oblique, 45degree internal rotation
AP oblique, 45degree external rotation
AP oblique, 15 to 20degree internal rotation
84
The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot?
head of the second metatarsal
head of the third metatarsal
base of the third metatarsal
base of the fourth metatarsal
base of the third metatarsal
85
To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?
in dorsiflexion
in plantar flexion
on a 10degree-angle wedge
on a 15degree-angle wedge
in dorsiflexion
86
For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:
talus
subtalar joint
talofibular joint
ankle joint, midway between the malleoli
ankle joint, midway between the malleoli
87
When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie:
directly in the center of the limb
slightly to the medial side
slightly to the lateral side
parallel with the tabletop
slightly to the medial side
88
Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the:
popliteal surface
intercondylar eminence
patellar surface
intercondylar fossa
intercondylar fossa
89
Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection?
1 epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR
2 patella is perpendicular to the IR
3 leg is flexed 20 to 30 degrees
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
90
How many bones are in the foot?
14
26
27
29
26
91
What is the position of the femoral epicondyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP
projection?
perpendicular to the IR
parallel to the IR
at a 15to20degree oblique position (laterally)
at a 15to20degree oblique position (medially)
parallel to the IR
92
For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the
foot is:
parallel with the central ray
perpendicular to the central ray
70 degrees from the plane of the IR
90 degrees from the plane of the IR
90 degrees from the plane of the IR
93
To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?
10 degrees
25 degrees
45 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
94
If the knee is flexed 40 degrees for the PA axial intercondylar fossa (CampCoventry)
projection, the
central ray will be angled:
0 degrees
40 degrees
50 degrees
40 to 50 degrees
40 degrees
95
Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the knee?
1/2 inch above the patellar base
1/2 inch above the patellar apex
1/2 inch below the patellar base
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
96
On which aspect of the foot does the cuboid lie?
lateral
medial
superior
inferior
lateral
97
When the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parallel with the IR, the ankle is in position for which projection?
AP
AP oblique, 45degree lateral rotation
AP oblique, 45 degree medial rotation
AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise
AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise
98
Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?
directly over the tibia
behind the tibia
over the anterior half of the tibia
over the posterior half of the tibia
over the posterior half of the tibia
99
On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the:
body
anterior border
tibial tuberosity
intercondylar eminence
tibial tuberosity
100
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the calcaneus?
1 inch distal to the medial malleolus
2 inches distal to the medial malleolus
1 inch posterior to the medial malleolus
2 inches posterior to the medical malleolus
1 inch distal to the medial malleolus
101
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?
1/2 inch above the patellar apex
1 inch above the patellar apex
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
1 inch below the patellar apex
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
102
The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many degrees?
15 degrees
20 degrees
45 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
45 degrees
103
The inferior aspect of the foot is termed the:
posterior surface
caudal surface
dorsal surface
plantar surface
plantar surface
104
In order to place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be rotated:
5 to 10 degrees laterally
5 to 10 degrees medially
10 to 15 degrees laterally
10 to 15 degrees medially
5 to 10 degrees laterally
105
For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated:
25 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
30 to 40 degrees
45 degrees
106
The two flat, superior surfaces of the tibia are called the:
tubercles
malleoli
condyles
tibial plateaus
tibial plateaus
107
The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the:
tubercles
condyles
malleoli
tuberosities
condyles
108
How many tarsal bones are in the foot?
4
5
6
7
7
109
Which of the following methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?
```
1 Holmblad (PA axial)
2 CampCoventry (PA axial)
3 Settegast (tangential)
```
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
110
For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:
navicular
tibiofibular joint
medial malleolus
lateral malleolus
medial malleolus
111
What is the centralray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?
25 degrees
30 degrees
35 degrees
40 degrees
40 degrees
112
How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?
10 degrees
45 degrees
10 to 20 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
113
```
The essential projections of the calcaneus are:
1 axial (plantodorsal)
2 axial (dorsoplantar)
3 lateral (mediolateral)
```
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
114
The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:
0 degrees
5 to 7 degrees caudad
dependent upon the ASIS to tabletop measure
5 to 7 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad
115
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial
rotation?
distal fibula
tibiotalar articulation
patellofemoral joint space
tibiofibular articulation
tibiofibular articulation
116
Which position is the patient placed in for a PA projection of the patella?
supine
prone
lateral
upright
prone
117
The area between the two lungs is termed the:
carina
thorax
mediastinum
pleural space
mediastinum
118
What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?
prone
supine
upright
decubitus
upright
119
Which of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography?
(1) Decreased magnification of the heart
(2) Sharper outlines of the delicate lung structures
(3) Greater penetration of the mediastinum
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
120
Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?
coronal plane
horizontal plane
transverse plane
midsagittal plane
midsagittal plane
121
How far above the top of the shoulders should the IR be positioned for any decubitus position of the chest?
at the level of the shoulders
1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
2 to 3 inches above the shoulders
3 to 4 inches above the shoulders
1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
122
How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?
1 minute
2 minutes
5 minutes
10 minutes
5 minutes
123
Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?
placing the backs of the hands low on the hips
rolling the shoulders forward
depressing the shoulders to lie in the same transverse plane
placing the patient in an upright position
rolling the shoulders forward
124
Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy?
low kVp
high kVp
short exposure time
long exposure time
high kVp
125
The AP oblique projection, RPO position of the chest corresponds to and essentially produces the same image as the:
AP oblique projection, LPO
PA oblique projection, RAO
PA oblique projection, LAO
PA oblique projection, LAO
126
Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?
posterior
anterior
to the left
to the right
anterior
127
For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally:
the side closer to the IR
the side farther from the IR
the side farther from the IR
128
What is the central-ray
angulation for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest?
0 degrees
10 degrees caudad
15 to 20 degrees caudad for PA
15 to 20 degrees cephalad for AP
0 degrees
129
If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on?
affected side
unaffected side
either side
unaffected side
130
Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?
in the mediastinum
in the anterior neck
behind the heart
behind the manubrium
behind the manubrium
131
The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the:
apex
base
hilum
lingula
apex
132
How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs?
1 inch
2 inches
3 inches
1 1/2 to 2 inches
1 1/2 to 2 inches
133
The thoracic viscera consists of the:
(1) Lungs
(2) Mediastinum
(3) Diaphragm
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
134
What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph?
40 inches
48 inches
72 inches
120 inches
72 inches
135
How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph?
9
10
11
12
10
136
If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on?
affected side
unaffected side
either side
affected side
137
The respiratory system proper consists of the:
(1) Larynx
(2) Trachea and bronchi
(3) Both lungs
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
138
What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?
full inspiration—first breath
full expiration—first breath
full inspiration—second breath
full expiration—second breath
full inspiration—second breath
139
Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on xray
projections done using a decubitus
position?
(1) Entire lung fields
(2) Patient's arms not visible in the image
(3) Identification to indicate which decubitus
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
140
A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed:
bronchitis
bronchotomy
bronchiectasis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
141
The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed:
pneumonias
pneumothorax
pneumomediastinum
pneumopericardium
pneumothorax
142
The radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions are:
(1) Oblique
(2) Lateral
(3) AP/PA
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
143
Inflammation of the bronchi would be termed:
branchioma
bronchitis
bronchotomy
bronchiectasis
bronchitis
144
Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?
less chance of body rotation
patient's heart is closer to the IR
there is greater magnification of the heart
easier to visualize interlobar fissures
patient's heart is closer to the IR
145
Which of the following are a part of the mediastinum?
(1) Lungs
(2) Heart
(3) Esophagus
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
146
According to the text, where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?
back of the hands on the hips
palm of the hands on the hips
back of the hands on the lateral thighs
palm of the hands on the lateral thighs
back of the hands on the hips
147
After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right
lung?
2
3
4
5
3
148
Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed:
pneumonia
pneumoconiosis
pleural effusion
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
pleural effusion
149
What is the centralray
angle for a PA chest radiograph?
5 degrees caudad
5 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees caudad
perpendicular
perpendicular
150
What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?
lingula
pleura
pleural cavity
costodiaphragmatic recess
pleura
151
When fluid replaces air in the lung interstitium and alveoli, the patient is said to have:
pulmonary edema
pneumonia
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
152
Which of the following would not be included in the mediastinum?
(1) Thymus
(2) Larynx
(3) Diaphragm
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
153
Majority of FB's in the lungs occur _____. Why?
More commonly, the FB is found in the bronchial tree, and most frequently in the right main stem bronchus, which is larger and more in line with the trachea.
154
Where does the exchange of air and carbon dioxide occur?
Each lung contains millions of alveoli. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the walls of the alveoli.
155
Where is the coracoid?
Where is the coronoid?
Coracoid = shoulder
Coronoid = elbow
156
What makes up the AC joint
acromion
+
clavicle
157
What makes up the AC joint
acromion
+
clavicle
158
Why is chest upright
prevents engorgement of the pulmonary vessels and to allow gravity to depress diaphragm
159
air-fluid levels for chest?
must be upright position
recumbent compresses abdominal viscera
160
What is included in the shoulder girdle
scapula
+
clavicle
161
Why would an acute abdominal series be ordered
to rule out free-air, bowel obstruction, and infection
