EXAM #3 (Ch. 3) Flashcards
(69 cards)
what is anatomical position?
facing viewer, palms out
what is the sagittal plane?
mid-sagittal?
divides body into left and right segments
mid-sagittal divides into equal left and right
what is the coronal plane?
divides into anterior and posterior
what is the transverse/horizontal plane?
divides into superior and inferior
what organs are are in the thoracic cavity?
- lungs
- trachea
- esophopgus
- pericardium
- pleural membranes
what organs are in the abdominal cavity?
- peritoneum
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- spleen
- stomach
- intestines
- kidneys
- ureters
- major blood vessels
what organs are in the pelvic cavity?
- rectum
- bladder
- reproductive
how many regions are in the abdomen?
what are their names?
nine regions in three groups
• superior
- epigastrium
- left hypochondrium
- right hypochondrium
• middle
- umbilical
- left lateral
- right lateral
• inferior
- hypogastrium
- left inguinal
- right inguinal
what is at the level of L4 + L5?
superiormost aspect of iliac crests
what are the four body habitus?
percentage?
and what characteristics do each have (organ appearance)?
- build: ?
- abdomen: ?
- thorax: ?
- pelvis: ?
STHENIC (50%) • heart: moderately transverse • lungs moderate length • diaphragm: moderately high • colon: spread even • gallbladder: center right side
- build: moderately heavy
- abdomen: moderately long
- thorax: moderately short + deep
- pelvis: small
HYPOSTHENIC (35%):
• between sthenic and asthenic
{most difficult to classify}
ASTHENIC (10%): • heart: vertical at midline • lungs: long • diaphragm: low • stomach: low, medial (in pelvis) • colon: low, folds on self • gallbladder: low, near midline
- build: frail
- abdomen: short
- thorax: long + shallow
- pelvis: wide
HYPERSTHENIC (5%): • heart: transverse • lungs: short • diaphragm: high • stomach: high middle • colon: around walls of abdomen
- build: massive
- abdomen: long
- thorax: short + deep
- pelvis: narrow
how many total bones are in the adult skeleton?
206
how many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126
what is an epiphysis?
end of long bone
what is a foramen?
opening in bone
what is a tuberosity?
knob-like projections on bone
what landmark can the greater trochanter be used for?
pubic symphysis (?)
what are long bones?
where can they be found?
long cylinder bone
found in limbs
what are short bones?
where can they be found?
vary in shape, allow minimum flexibility
wrist and ankles
what are flat bones?
where can they be found?
two tables of compact bone, provide protection + muscle attachment
sternum
what’s the difference between abduction and adduction?
abduction: away from the body’s midline
adduction: toward the body’s midline
what’s the difference between supination and pronation?
supination: rotation of forearm so palm is up
pronation: rotation of forearm so palm is down
what are sesamoid bones?
where can they be found?
small and oval bones
inside and around tendons, patella
what’s the purpose of bones and what do they provide?
they provide:
- muscle attachment
- movement
- protection
- support
- storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts
- red and white blood cell production
